ANATOMIC STRUCTURE OF CAMPANULA ROTUNDIFOLIA L. GRASS

Аннотация. В данной статье представлены результаты исследования анатомического строения травы колокольчика круглолистного, семейства колокольчиковые (Campanulaceae). Несмотря на широту распространения и применение в народной медицине, данные о его анатомическом строении отсутствуют, поэтому для оценки показателей подлинности и качества сырья необходимо в первую очередь разработать микродиагностические признаки, которые могут позволить внедрить данное растение в медицинскую практику. Цель данной работы – изучить анатомическое строение травы колокольчика круглолистного с целью определения диагностических признаков. Методы. Исследование анатомического строения проводили в соответствии с требованиями ГФ XIII издания. Для создания микрофотографий использовался лабораторный микроскоп «Микромед» с цифровой насадкой, для их обработки использовался фоторедактор Photoshop CC. Результат. Установлено, что эпидермис стебля прозенхимной формы, слегка извилиAbstract. The article present results of

Despite its dispersion and application in folk medicine, there are no data about its anatomic structure, therefore to estimate the indices of authenticity and quality of raw materials it is necessary to develop microdiagnostical features in the first place, which could help introducing of this plant in a medical practice.
The purpose of this work is to study anatomical structure of Campanula rotundifolia grass to determine its diagnostic features.
Materials and methods.Grass of Campanula rotundifolia gathered in mass blossom phase in Kursk Oblast in 2015 was the object of the study.
The study for anatomic structure was carried out in accordance with the requirements of State Pharmacopoeia, edition XIII [3].Micromed laboratory microscope with digital adjutage was used to create microphotoes, Photoshop CC was used for their processing.
Results and their discussion.Studying the anatomic features of the stalk cross section, we have established that it has a round shape with exserting ribs, from the outside it is covered with epidermis with fringy cuticule.Epidermis cells are prosenchymal closer to the rib, with straight or splay end cells.Epidermis cells between ribs are prosenchymal, slightly winding with stomata surrounded by an undefined number of epidermis cells, which do not differ in form and size from other epidermis cells (anomocytic type).

C
from the outside it is covered with epidermis with fringy cuticule.Epidermis cells are prosenchymal closer to the rib, with straight or splay end cells.
Epidermis cells between ribs are prosenchymal, slightly winding with stomata surrounded by an undefined number of epidermis cells, which do not differ in form and size from other epidermis cells (anomocytic type).

А B D
one-cell, thin-walled, rough papillose hair, with broad foot.Primary cortex occupies a small volume and begins with angle collenchyma.This type of tissue only rests in the stalk ribs in 2-3 layers, rarely 4-5 layers.Solid ring of basic parenchyma is situated under collenchyma.Its cells form 1-2 layers.Endoderm is well-defined, and is formed by prosenchymal cells directed tangentially.Central cylinder is nonbeam, begins with sclerenchyma which is represented by a thin layer of cells in one or two layers.Phloem occupies a small volume and is formed by thin-layered small cells.Xylem vessels are situated in more or less vertical rows with sclerenchyma between them.Stalk core breaks down, as the result it forms a big cavity.Undestroyed parts of parenchyma are represented by thin-layered cells (fig.1).
While comparative study of the epidermis cells we revealed that cells of upper epidermis are straight-walled and slightly winding.Lower epidermis cells are more winding with prolonged wrinkling of cuticule.Numerous stomata were encountered in lower and upper leaf epidermis.
From both sides stomata are surrounded by an undefined number of epidermis cells which do not differ in form and size from other epidermis cells, which is characteristic for an anomocytic type of stomata structure.Studying the micropreparations from the leaf edge we established that epidermis cells head papillose protuberances.Epidermis cells along the veins of lamina are prosenchymal, their walls are straight, at the end are straight-walled or with splay walls.One of the basic diagnostic features of the leaf is the presence of simple onecell, thin-walled, rough papillose hair with broad footing.The presence of such hair can be found in upper as well as in lower epidermises of a leaf, along the veins and the edge of a leaf.
Hairiness degree along the entire leaf is not equal, these hair are encountered from the middle of the leaf up to its foot (fig.2).The study for temporary micropreparations of the flower showed that epidermis cells in the fauces of corolla tube are prosenchyamal, with winding walls.The corolla teeth have more winding walls with prolong wrinkling of a cuticule.Intercellular canals are situated along the veins of thin-walled petals of corolla.They are clearly seen after the micropreparation coloration with a Sudan III reactive.
Cup epidermis cells have straight walls or slightly winding.Anomocytic stomata.Papillary protuberances of epidermis cells are situated along the cup edge (fig.3).
a cup.Papillary excrescences can be found along the cup edges.Stomatal apparatus is anomocytic.Conclusion.As the result of the study we have carried out the research for Campanula rotundifolia grass anatomic structure, and determined microdiagnostic features for determination of raw materials authenticity, which included presence of simple, one-cell, thin-walled, rough papillose hair on both epidermises of a leaf, along the veins, leaf edge, and stalk epidermis, as well as the presence of epidermis cells with papillary excrescences along the edges of leaves and cups.Intercellular canals are situated along the veins of flower corolla petals.
As the result of the study conducted we have examined the anatomic structure of Campanula rotundifolia grass and determined the microdiagnostic features to define the authenticity of raw materials.It included the presence of simple, onecell, thick-walled, rough papillose hair both in lower and upper leaf epidermis with papillary protuberances along the leaf edge.