<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmedpharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармация и фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-9266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-2241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical Univer</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-82-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmedpharm-1028</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЙ РАСТЕНИЙ ВИДА COSMOS BIPINNATUS CAV.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS FROM PLANTS OF COSMOS BIPINNATUS CAV. SPECIES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0727-6689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куличенко</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulichenko</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры микробиологии и иммунологии с курсом биологической химии, аспирант кафедры органической химии</p><p>375532, Россия, г. Пятигорск, пр-кт Калинина, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology with a course of Biological Chemistry, postgraduate student of the Department of Organic Chemistry</p><p>11, Kalinin Ave., Pyatigorsk, Russia, 357532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgenia.kuli4encko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7865-0762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат химических наук, доцент кафедры органической химии</p><p>375532, Россия, г. Пятигорск, пр-кт Калинина, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Chemistry), Associate Professor of the Department of Organic Chemistry</p><p>11, Kalinin Ave., Pyatigorsk, Russia, 357532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oa-51934@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-3967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат фармацевтических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры патологии</p><p>375532, Россия, г. Пятигорск, пр-кт Калинина, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Pharmacy), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Pathology</p><p>11, Kalinin Ave., Pyatigorsk, Russia, 357532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maklea@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-6602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сигарева</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sigareva</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры микробиологии и иммунологии с курсом биологической химии</p><p>375532, Россия, г. Пятигорск, пр-кт Калинина, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology with a Course of Biological Chemistry</p><p>11, Kalinin Ave., Pyatigorsk, Russia, 357532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svgritchina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7781-362X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терехов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат фармацевтических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой патологии</p><p>375532, Россия, г. Пятигорск, пр-кт Калинина, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Pharmacy), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pathology</p><p>11, Kalinin Ave., Pyatigorsk, Russia, 357532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tau200@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-9382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганесян</surname><given-names>Э. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oganesyan</surname><given-names>E. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, доктор фармацевтических наук, заведующий кафедрой органической химии</p><p>375532, Россия, г. Пятигорск, пр-кт Калинина, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Pharmacy), Professor, Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry</p><p>11, Kalinin Ave., Pyatigorsk, Russia, 357532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">edwardov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-412X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорская</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorskaya</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат фармацевтических наук, доцент кафедры патологии</p><p>375532, Россия, г. Пятигорск, пр-кт Калинина, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Pharmacy), Associate Professor, Department of Pathology</p><p>11, Kalinin Ave., Pyatigorsk, Russia, 357532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sidorskayasvet@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пятигорский медико-фармацевтический институт – филиал федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute – a branch of Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куличенко E.O., Андреева О.А., Сергеева Е.О., Сигарева С.С., Терехов А.Ю., Оганесян Э.Т., Сидорская С.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куличенко E.O., Андреева О.А., Сергеева Е.О., Сигарева С.С., Терехов А.Ю., Оганесян Э.Т., Сидорская С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulichenko E.O., Andreeva O.A., Sergeeva E.O., Sigareva S.S., Terekhov A.Y., Oganesyan E.T., Sidorskaya S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1028">https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1028</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить антиоксидантную, противовоспалительную и гиполипидемическую активности извлечений, полученных экстракцией спиртом этиловым 70% трех видов Космеи дваждыперистой.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Антиоксидантное действие изучалось in vitro с применением модели железо-индуцированного перекисного окисления липидов в системе лецитиновых липосом. Исследование противовоспалительной активности проводилось на 30-ти крысах-самцах линии «Wistar». В качестве препарата сравнения использовали диклофенак (перорально, доза 13 мг/кг в пересчете на массу взрослого человека). Вещества животным вводили в виде водной суспензии, стабилизированной Твин-80. Для моделирования воспалительного процесса создавали модель «ватной гранулемы». Гиполипидемическую активность исследуемых экстрактов исследовали на 36-ти белых крысах-самцах линии «Wistar». Для изучения гиполипидемической активности исследуемых извлечений применяли твиновую модель для создания гиперлипидемического состояния у крыс, в сыворотке подопытных животных определяли концентрацию общего холестерина и триглицеридов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведенные модельные эксперименты позволили сделать вывод о том, что спиртовые извлечения, полученные из высушенных соцветий космеи дваждыперистой сортов «Dazzler», «Rosea» и «Purity» обладают антиоксидантной, противовоспалительной и гиполипидемической видами активности. Установлено, что извлечения из космеи дваждыперистой сортов «Dazzler» и «Rosea» способствуют лучшему снижению накопления перекисных соединений по сравнению с извлечением, полученным из сорта «Purity». Анализ данных по противовоспалительной активности показывает, что все исследуемые объекты достоверно (р=0,05) снижают стадию экссудации по сравнению с контрольной группой животных на 50% (сорт «Purity»), 52% (сорт «Rosea») и 40% (сорт «Dazzler»).</p><p>Эксперимент по изучению гиполипидемической активности у контрольной группы животных выявил достоверное, по отношению к значениям интактной группы, увеличение уровня холестерола в сыворотке крови на 78%, а уровня три-глицеридов (ТРГ) на 64%. Введение животным извлечений, полученных из космеи дваждыперистой сортов «Purity», «Rosea», «Dazzler», привел к снижению содержания холестерола в сыворотке крови на 44%, 47%, 50%, а триглицеридов на 52%, 52% и 57%, соответственно. Оба показателя достигли уровня нормы и достоверно не отличались от значений у здоровых (интактных) животных.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Согласно проведенным исследованиям можно сделать вывод, что спиртовые извлечения, полученные из космеи дваждыперистой, обладают выраженным антиоксидантным, противовоспалительным и гиполипидемическим действиями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is to determine antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activities of the extracts from Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. three varieties, obtained by the extraction with 70% ethyl alcohol.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The antioxidant effect was studied in vitro using a model of iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the lecithin liposome system. The study of the anti-inflammatory activity was carried out on 30 male rats of the “Wistar” line. Diclofenac was used as a reference drug (p. o., the dose of 13 mg/kg in terms of the weight of an adult). The substances were administered to animals in the form of an aqueous suspension stabilized with Tween-80. To simulate the inflammatory process, a model of “cotton granuloma” was created. A hypolipidemic activity of the extracts was studied on 36 white male rats of the “Wistar” line. To study the hypolipidemic activity of the studied extracts, a tween model was used to create a hyperlipidemic state in rats, the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides was determined in the serum of the experimental animals.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The conducted model experiments made it possible to conclude that the alcohol extracts obtained from the dried inflorescences of the “Dazzler”, “Rosea” and “Purity” varieties of Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic kinds of activities. It has been established that the extracts from the “Dazzler” and “Rosea” varieties (Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) contribute to a better reduction in the accumulation of peroxide compounds, compared to the extract obtained from the “Purity” variety. The data analysis on the anti-inflammatory activity shows that all the studied objects significantly (p = 0.05) reduce the stage of exudation compared with the control group animals by 50% (the «Purity» variety), by 52% (the «Rosea» variety) and by 40% (the “Dazzler” variety).</p><p>An experiment on the study of a hypolipidemic activity in the control group of the animals revealed a significant, in relation to the values of the intact group, increase in the cholesterol level of the blood serum by 78%, and in the level of triglycerides (TGCs) – by 64%.</p><p>The administration of the extracts obtained from Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. “Purity”, “Rosea”, “Dazzler” varieties to the animals, led to a decrease in cholesterol in blood serum by 44%, 47%, 50%, and triglycerides by 52%, 52% and 57%, respectively. Both indicators reached the normal level and did not differ significantly from the values in healthy (intact) animals.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. According to the conducted studies, it can be concluded that alcohol extracts obtained from Cоsmos bipinnatus Cav., have pronounced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic kinds of effect.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Cоsmos bipinnatus Cav.</kwd><kwd>Космея дваждыперистая</kwd><kwd>гиполипидемическая активность</kwd><kwd>холестерин</kwd><kwd>триацилглицериды</kwd><kwd>противовоспалительная активность</kwd><kwd>антиоксидантная активность</kwd><kwd>ТБК-активные продукты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cоsmos bipinnatus Cav.</kwd><kwd>hypolipidemic activity</kwd><kwd>cholesterol</kwd><kwd>triacylglycerides</kwd><kwd>anti-inflammatory activity</kwd><kwd>antioxidant activity</kwd><kwd>TBA-active products</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данное исследование не имело финансовой поддержки от сторонних организаций.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study did not receive any financial support from outside organizations.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falzon C.C. Balabanova A. Phytotherapy: An Introduction to Herbal Medicine // Prim Care. – 2017. – Vol. 44, No.2. – P. 217–227. DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2017.02.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falzon CC, Balabanova A. Phytotherapy: An Introduction to Herbal Medicine. Prim Care. 2017 Jun;44(2):217–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2017.02.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hemler E.C., Hu F.B. Plant-Based Diets for Personal, Population, and Planetary Health //Adv. Nutr. – 2019. – Vol. 10. – P. 275–283. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hemler EC, Hu FB. Plant-Based Diets for Personal, Population, and Planetary Health. Adv Nutr. 2019 Nov 1;10(Suppl_4):275–83. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fresan U., Sabate J. Vegetarian Diets: Planetary Health and Its Alignment with Human Health // Adv. Nutr. – 2019. – Vol. 10. – P. 380–388. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fresán U, Sabaté J. Vegetarian Diets: Planetary Health and Its Alignment with Human Health. Adv Nutr. 2019 Nov 1;10(Suppl_4):380–8. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farzaei M.H., Bayrami Z., Farzaei F., Aneva I., Das S.K., Patra J.K., Das G., Abdollahi M. Poisoning by Medical Plants // Arch. Iran. Med. – 2020. – Vol. 23, No.2. – P. 117–127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farzaei MH, Bayrami Z, Farzaei F, Aneva I, Das SK, Patra JK, Das G, Abdollahi M. Poisoning by Medical Plants. Arch Iran Med. 2020 Feb 1;23(2):117–27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nunn A.V.W., Guy G.W., Botchway S.W., Bell J.D. From sunscreens to medicines: Can a dissipation hypothesis explain the beneficial aspects of many plant compounds // Phytother. Res. – 2020. – Vol. 34, No.8. – P. 1868–1888. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6654.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Botchway SW, Bell JD. From sunscreens to medicines: Can a dissipation hypothesis explain the beneficial aspects of many plant compounds? Phytother Res. 2020 Aug;34(8):1868–88. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6654.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. in GBIF Secretariat (2017). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. – [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://www.gbif.org/ru/dataset/d7dddbf4-2cf0-4f39-9b2a-bb099caae36c. DOI.org/10.15468/39omei.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. in GBIF Secretariat (2017). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Available from: https://www.gbif.org/ru/dataset/d7dddbf4-2cf0-4f39-9b2a-bb099caae36c. DOI.org/10.15468/39omei.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Botsaris A. S. Plants used traditionally to treat malaria in Brazil: the archives of Flora Medicinal // J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. – 2007. – Vol. 3, No.1. – P. 18. DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Botsaris AS. Plants used traditionally to treat malaria in Brazil: the archives of Flora Medicinal. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2007 May 1;3:18. DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olajuyigbe О., Ashafa A. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Leaves from South Africa // Iran. J. Pharm. Res. – 2014. – Vol. 13, No.4. – P. 1417–1423.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olajuyigbe O, Ashafa A. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Leaves from South Africa. Iran J Pharm Res. 2014 Fall;13(4):1417–23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui H.X., Duan F.F., Jia S.S., Cheng F.R., Yuan K. Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Seed Oils from Torreya grandis Fort. ex Lindl // Biomed. Res. Int. – 2018. – Vol. 2018. – Art. No.5314320. DOI: 10.1155/2018/5314320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui HX, Duan FF, Jia SS, Cheng FR, Yuan K. Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Seed Oils from Torreya grandis Fort. ex Lindl. Biomed Res Int. 2018 Sep 18;2018:5314320. DOI: 10.1155/2018/5314320.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diaz-Medina L.K., Colin-Navarro V., Arriaga-Jordan C.M. In vitro nutritional quality and antioxidant activity of three weed species as feed additives for sheep in the Central Highlands of Mexico // Trop. Anim. Health Prod. – 2021. – Vol. 53, No.3. – Art. No.394. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02819-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diaz-Medina LK, Colin-Navarro V, Arriaga-Jordan CM. In vitro nutritional quality and antioxidant activity of three weed species as feed additives for sheep in the Central Highlands of Mexico. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 2021 Nov; 53(3):394. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02819-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buschhaus C., Hager D., Jetter R. Wax Layers on Cosmos bipinnatus Petals Contribute Unequally to Total Petal Water Resistance // Plant Physiol. – 2015. – Vol. 167. – P. 80–88. DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.249235.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buschhaus C, Hager D, Jetter R. Wax layers on Cosmos bipinnatus petals contribute unequally to total petal water resistance. Plant Physiol. 2015 Jan;167(1):80–8. DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.249235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saito K. Quantitative variation of flavonoids and related compounds in Cosmos bipinnatus // Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. – 1979. – Vol. 48, No.2. – P. 317–325. DOI: 10.5586/asbp.1979.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saito K. Quantitative variation of flavonoids and related compounds in Cosmos bipinnatus. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. 1979; 48(2):317–25. DOI: 10.5586/asbp.1979.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bate-Smith E.C. Astringent tannins of Cosmos bipinnatus // Phytochemistry. – 1980. – Vol. 9. – P. 982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bate-Smith EC. Astringent tannins of Cosmos bipinnatus. Phytochemistry. 1980; 9: 982.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konarev A.V., Anisimova I.N., Gavrilova V.A., Vachrusheva T.E., Konechnaya G.Y., Lewis M., Shewry P.R. Serine proteinase inhibitors in the Compositae: distribution, polymorphism and properties // Phytochemistry. – 2002. – Vol. 59. – P. 279–291. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00463-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konarev AV, Anisimova IN, Gavrilova VA, Vachrusheva TE, Konechnaya GY, Lewis M, Shewry PR. Serine proteinase inhibitors in the Compositae: distribution, polymorphism and properties. Phytochemistry. 2002 Feb;59(3):279–91. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00463-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akihisa T., Yasukawa K., Oinuma H., Kasahara Y., Yamanouchi S., Takido M., Kumaki K., Tamura T. Triterpene alcohols from the flowers of Compositae and their anti-inflammatory effects // Phytochemistry. – 1996. – Vol. 43, No.6. – P. 1255–1260. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(96)00343-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akihisa T, Yasukawa K, Oinuma H, Kasahara Y, Yamanouchi S, Takido M, Kumaki K, Tamura T. Triterpene alcohols from the flowers of compositae and their anti-inflammatory effects. Phytochemistry. 1996 Dec;43(6):1255–60. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(96)00343-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихомирова Т.И., Андреева О.А., Червонная Н.М., Аджиахметова С.Л., Лигай Л.В. Антиоксиданты листьев ирги круглолистной // Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. – 2021. – № 12–1(114). – С. 193–199. DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2021.114.12.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhomirova, TI, Andreeva OA, Chervonnaya NM, Adzhiakhmetova SL, Ligay LV. Antioksidanty list’ev irgi kruglolistnoj [Antioxidants of leaves of round-leaved shadberry]. International Scientific Research Journal. 2021; 12–1 (114): 193–9. DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2021.114.12.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аджиахметова С.Л., Червонная Н.М., Поздняков Д.И., Оганесян Э.Т. Изучение суммарного содержания антиоксидантов, полисахаридов, элементного состава и аминокислот растительного сырья смородины черной // Химия растительного сырья. – 2021. – № 3. – С. 265–274. DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.2021037774.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adzhiakhmetova SL, Chervonnaya NM, Pozdnyakov DI, Oganesyan ET. Study of the total content of antioxidants, polysaccharides, elemental composition and amino acids of plant raw materials of black currant. Chemistry vegetable raw materials. 2021; 3: 265-74. DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.2021037774.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamlesh A.R., Sampada J.S., Rishikes A.V. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amino acid Derivatives of Salicylic Acid As Analgesic and Anti- inflammatory Agents // Am. J. Pharm. Technol. Res. – 2013. – Vol. 3. – P. 613–620.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamlesh AR, Sampada JS, Rishikes AV. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amino Acids Derivatives of Salicylic Acid As Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Agents. Am. J Pharm. Technol. Res. 2013; 3: 613–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar K.M., Mandal B.K., Sinha M., Krishnakumar V. Terminalia chebula mediated green and rapid synthesis of gold nanoparticles, Spectrochimica Acta Part A // Mol. Biomol. Spectro. – 2012. – Vol. 86. – P. 490–494. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.11.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar KM, Mandal BK, Sinha M, Krishnakumar V. Terminalia chebula mediated green and rapid synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2012 Feb;86:490-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.11.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кодониди И.П., Сочнев В.С., Терехов А.Ю., Сергеева Е.О., Рябухин И.Ю. Синтез и изучение противовоспалительной активности 2-виниленпроизводных 4-(2,6-диметил-4-оксо-5-фенил-4H-пиримидин-1-ил)-бензсульфамида // Современные проблемы науки и образования. – 2021. – № 4. – С. 91. DOI: 10.17513/spno.31053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kodonidi IP, Sochnev VS, Terekhov AYu, Sergeeva EO, Ryabuhin IYu. Sintez i izuchenie protivovospalitel’noj aktivnosti 2-vinilenproizvodnyh 4-(2,6-dimetil-4-okso-5-fenil-4H-pirimidin-1-il)-benzsul’famida [Synthesis and study of the anti-inflammatory activity of 2-vinylene derivatives of 4-(2,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-5-phenyl-4H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-benzsulfonamide]. Modern problems of science and education. 2021; 4: 91. DOI: 10.17513/spno.31053. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atas M., Eruygur N., Ucar E. The Effects of different nitrogen doses on antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) // Cell Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand). – 2018. – Vol. 64, No.2. – P. 39–45. DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2018.64.2.8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atas M, Eruygur N, Ucar E. The Effects of different nitrogen doses on antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.). Cell Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand). 2018; 64(2): 39–45. DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2018.64.2.8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas G.J., Herranz P., Cruz S.B., Parodi A. Treatment of actinic keratosis through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2: Potential mechanism of action of diclofenac sodium 3% in hyaluronic acid 2.5. // Dermatol. Ther. – 2019. – Vol. 32, No.3. – e12800. DOI: 10.1111/dth.12800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas GJ, Herranz P, Cruz SB, Parodi A. Treatment of actinic keratosis through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2: Potential mechanism of action of diclofenac sodium 3% in hyaluronic acid 2.5. Dermatol Ther. 2019 May;32(3):e12800. DOI: 10.1111/dth.12800.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nyayiru Kannaian U.P., Edwin J.B., Rajagopal V., Nannu Shankar S., Srinivasan B. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of coconut cotyledon // Heliyon. – 2020. – Vol. 6, No.2. – e03411. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nyayiru Kannaian UP, Edwin JB, Rajagopal V, Nannu Shankar S, Srinivasan B. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of coconut cotyledon. Heliyon. 2020 Feb 13;6(2):e03411. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vallier M.J., Bourvellec C.L., Dangles O. Iron-induced peroxidation of trilinolein nano-emulsions under model gastric conditions and its inhibition by dietary phenolic antioxidants // Food Funct. – 2020. – Vol. 11, No.10. – P. 9144–9156. DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01767a.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vallier MJ, Bourvellec CLe, Dangles O. Iron-induced peroxidation of trilinolein nano-emulsions under model gastric conditions and its inhibition by dietary phenolic antioxidants. 2020;11(10): 9144–56. DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01767a.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiz Á.J., Vargas-Uricoechea H., Urina-Triana M., Román-González A., Isaza D., Etayo E., Quintero A., Molina D.I., Toro J.M., Parra G., Merchán A., Cadena A., Yupanqui Lozano H., Cárdenas J.M., Quintero Á.M., Botero R., Jaramillo M., Arteaga J.M., Vesga-Angarita B., Valenzuela-Plata E., Betancur-Valencia M. Dyslipidaemias and their treatment in high complexity centres in Colombia // Clin. Investig. Arterioscler. – 2020. – Vol. 32, No.3. – P. 101–110. DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2019.11.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruiz ÁJ, Vargas-Uricoechea H, Urina-Triana M, Román-González A, Isaza D, Etayo E, Quintero A, Molina DI, Toro JM, Parra G, Merchán A, Cadena A, Yupanqui Lozano H, Cárdenas JM, Quintero ÁM, Botero R, Jaramillo M, Arteaga JM, Vesga-Angarita B, Valenzuela-Plata E, Betancur-Valencia M. Dyslipidaemias and their treatment in high complexity centres in Colombia. Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2020 May-Jun;32(3):101–10. English, Spanish. DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2019.11.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharif H., Akash M.S.H., Irshad K. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis: Association of risk factors and treatment strategies using plant-based bioactive compounds // J. Food Biochem. – 2020. – Vol. 44, No.11. – Art. No.e13449. DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13449.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharif H, Akash MSH, Irshad K. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis: Association of risk factors and treatment strategies using plant-based bioactive compounds. J. Food Biochem. 2020; 44(11): e13449. DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13449.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
