<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmedpharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармация и фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-9266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-2241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical Univer</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-93-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmedpharm-1029</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИИ НА ПРЕКЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ СТАДИИ КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНОЙ АВТОНОМНОЙ НЕЙРОПАТИИ У ДЕТЕЙ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 1 ТИПА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PHARMACOTHERAPY POSSIBILITIES OF CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMOUS NEUROPATHY IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS AT THE PRECLINICAL STAGE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4624-8813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малюжинская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyuzhinskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой детских болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Children’s Diseases, Pediatric Faculty</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maluzginskaia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-7028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишиморов</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishimorov</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой педиатрии и неонатологии Института НМФО</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, the Institute of Continuing Medical and Pharmaceutical Education</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drshishimorov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6670-9029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магницкая</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magnitskaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры педиатрии и неонатологии Института НМФО</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, the Institute of Continuing Medical and Pharmaceutical Education</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">magol73@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степаненко</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanenko</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры детских болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Children’s Diseases of the Pediatric Faculty</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozhevnikova.kv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-8136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры детских болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Children’s Diseases of the Pediatric Faculty</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olvlpolyakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-2298</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клиточенко</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klitochenko</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры детских болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Children’s Diseases of the Pediatric Faculty</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klitoch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0091-4980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры детских болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Children’s Diseases, Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina-petrova_09@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-4078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelyanova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>400076, Россия, г. Волгоград, ул. Землячки, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor</p><p>76, Zemlyachki St., Volgograd, Russia, 400076</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vodkb@volganet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4901-3043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скиба</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skiba</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры детских болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>post-graduate student of the Department of Children’s Diseases, Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna-patashova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования  «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Волгоградская областная детская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малюжинская Н.В., Шишиморов И.Н., Магницкая О.В., Степаненко К.В., Полякова О.В., Клиточенко Г.В., Петрова И.В., Емельянова С.А., Скиба А.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малюжинская Н.В., Шишиморов И.Н., Магницкая О.В., Степаненко К.В., Полякова О.В., Клиточенко Г.В., Петрова И.В., Емельянова С.А., Скиба А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malyuzhinskaya N.V., Shishimorov I.N., Magnitskaya O.V., Stepanenko K.V., Polyakova O.V., Klitochenko G.V., Petrova I.V., Emelyanova S.A., Skiba A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1029">https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1029</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить эффективность препарата тиоктовой кислоты в комплексной терапии сахарного диабета 1 (СД 1) типа у детей с кардиоваскулярной автономной нейропатией на доклинической стадии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Дизайн – проспективное рандомизированное исследование. Проведено клинико-инструментальное обследование 64 детей с признаками доклинической стадии диабетической кардиоваскулярной автономной нейропатии (ДКАН). Когорта ранжирована на 2 группы: в основной и контрольной группах проводилась нормализация гликемического контроля путём коррекции дозы инсулинотерапии; в основной группе дети дополнительно получали препарат тиоктовой кислоты в дозе 600 мг/сутки в течение 3-х месяцев. Для контроля эффективности терапии использовалась методика лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. После фармакологической интервенции наблюдалось улучшение течения заболевания, нормализация показателей углеводного и липидного обмена, усиление вазомоторных механизмов регуляции тканевого кровотока за счёт увеличения эндотелиальной и нейрогенной активности в сочетании со снижением внутрисосудистого тонуса и увеличением эффективной перфузии в тканях, выявлено увеличение вариабельности ритма сердца, диагностирована положительная динамика показателей кардиоваскулярных тестов по D. Ewing, временных (рNN50%, SDNN) и спектральных показателей (VLF). Клинически значимым для уменьшения проявлений нейропатии оказалось достижение и поддержание целевых значений показателей гликемического контроля, а также отсутствие вариабельности гликемии. Неинвазивная методика лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии является информативной для ранней диагностики ДКАН у детей с СД типа 1.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведенные исследования продемонстрировали эффективность применения липоевой кислоты в дозе 600 мг/сутки в течение 3-х месяцев у детей с признаками ДКАН на доклинической стадии. Метод лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии для определения показаний и контроля эффективности терапии позволяет реализовать персонализированный подход для назначения превентивного лечения у детей с сахарным диабетом 1 типа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the thioctic acid preparation in the complex therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy at the preclinical stage.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A design is a prospective randomized study. A clinical and instrumental examination of 64 children with preclinical stage signs of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) was carried out. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: in the main and control groups, glycemic control was normalized by adjusting a dose of insulin therapy; in the main group, the children additionally received thioctic acid at the dose of 600 mg/day for 3 months. To control the effectiveness of the therapy, the technique of laser Doppler flowmetry was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. After the pharmacological intervention, there was an improvement in the disease course, normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, increased vasomotor mechanisms of the regulation of the tissue blood flow due to an increase in endothelial and neurogenic kinds of activity in combination with a decrease in the intravascular tone and an increase in the effective perfusion in tissues. An increase in the heart rate variability was detected, positive dynamics of cardiovascular tests indicators according to D. Ewing, temporal (pNN50%, SDNN) and spectral indicators (VLF) were diagnosed. Achievement and maintenance of the target values of glycemic control indicators, as well as the absence of glycemic variability, turned out to be clinically significant for reducing the manifestations of neuropathy. The non-invasive technique of laser Doppler flowmetry is informative for the early diagnosis of DCAN in T1DM children.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The carried out studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the lipoic acid use at the dose of 600 mg/day for 3 months in the children with DCAN signs at the preclinical stage. The method of laser Doppler flowmetry for determining indications and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy makes it possible to implement a personalized approach to prescribing preventive treatment in T1DM children.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диабетическая кардиоваскулярная автономная нейропатия</kwd><kwd>-липоевая кислота</kwd><kwd>превентивное лечение осложнений у детей с СД типа 1</kwd><kwd>лазерная допплеровская флоуметрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy</kwd><kwd>-lipoic acid</kwd><kwd>preventive treatment of complications in T1DM children</kwd><kwd>laser Doppler flowmetry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данное исследование не имело какой-либо финансовой поддержки от сторонних организаций.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study did not receive any financial support from outside organizations.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Екушева Е.В. Клинические маски диабетической нейропатии // Эффективн. фармакотерапия. – 2020. – Т. 16, № 17. – С. 34–39. DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2020-16-17-34-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ekusheva EV. Klinicheskie maski diabeticheskoj nejropatii [Clinical masks of diabetic neuropathy]. Effective pharmacotherapy. 2020; 16(17):34–9. DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2020-16-17-34-39. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tönnies T., Stahl-Pehe A., Baechle C., Castillo K., Kuss O., Yossa R., Lena M. E. L., Reinhard W. H., Rosenbauer J. Risk of Microvascular Complications and Macrovascular Risk Factors in Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes after at Least 10 Years Duration: An Analysis of Three Population-Based Cross-Sectional Surveys in Germany between 2009 and 2016 // International Journal of Endocrinology – 2018. – Vol. 2018. – Article ID: 7806980. DOI: 10.1155/2018/7806980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tönnies T, Stahl-Pehe A, Baechle C, Castillo K, Kuss O, Yossa R, Lena MEL, Reinhard WH, Rosenbauer J. Risk of Microvascular Complications and Macrovascular Risk Factors in Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes after at Least 10 Years Duration: An Analysis of Three Population-Based Cross-Sectional Surveys in Germany between 2009 and 2016. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2018; 2018: 7806980. DOI: 10.1155/2018/7806980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feldman E.L., Nave K.A., Jenson T.S., Bennett D.L. New horizons in diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms, bioenergetics, and pain // Neuron. – 2017. – Vol. 93, No. 6. – P. 1296–1313. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feldman EL, Nave KA, Jensen TS, Bennett DLH. New Horizons in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms, Bioenergetics, and Pain. Neuron. 2017 Mar 22; 93(6):1296–313. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spallone V., Ziegler D., Freeman R., Bernardi L., Frontoni S., Pop-Busui R., Stevens M., Kempler P., Hilsted J., Tesfaye S., Low Ph., Valensi P. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: clinical impact, assessment, diagnosis, and management // Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. – 2011. – Vol. 27, No.7. – Р. 639–653. DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spallone V, Ziegler D, Freeman R, Bernardi L, Frontoni S, Pop-Busui R, Stevens M, Kempler P, Hilsted J, Tesfaye S, Low P, Valensi P; Toronto Consensus Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: clinical impact, assessment, diagnosis, and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2011 Oct; 27(7):639–53. DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Строков И.А., Зилов А.В., Альбекова Ж.С., Фокина А.А. Диабетическая автономная кардиоваскулярная невропатия // РМЖ. – 2011. – №30. – С. 1874–1877.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strokov IA, Zilov AV, Albekova ZhS, Fokina AA. Diabeticheskaya avtonomnaya kardiovaskulyarnaya nevropatiya [Diabetic autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy]. RMJ. 2011; 30:1874–7. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Солуянова Т.Н. Патогенетический подход к лечению автономной диабетической невропатии: место препаратов альфа-липоевой кислоты // Эндокринология: новости, мнения, обучение. – 2019. – Т. 8, № 1. – С. 36–43. DOI: 10.24411/2304- 9529-2019-14005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soluyanova TN. Patogeneticheskii podkhod k lecheniyu avtonomnoi diabeticheskoi nevropatii: mesto preparatov al’fa-lipoevoi kisloty [Pathogenetic approach to the treatment of autonomic diabetic neuropathy: the place of alpha-lipoic acid preparations]. Endocrinology: news, opinions, training. 2019;(1):36–43. DOI: 10.24411/2304-9529-2019-14005. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нестерова М.В., Галкин В.В. Эффективность препаратов тиоктовой кислоты в лечении диабетической полиневропатии // Мед. совет. – 2015. – № 5. – С. 94–99. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2015-5-94-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nesterova MV, Galkin VV. Effectiveness of thioctic acid drugs (Espa-lipon) in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2015; 5:94–9. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2015-5-94-99. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бакулин И.С., Захарова М.Н. Липоевая кислота в патогенетической терапии диабетической полиневропатии: обзор экспериментальных и клинических исследований // Нервн. болезни. – 2017. – №2. – С. 3–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakulin IS, Zakharova MN. Lipoevaya kislota v patogeneticheskoj terapii diabeticheskoj polinevropatii: obzor eksperimental’nyh i klinicheskih issledovanij [Lipoic acid in the pathogenetic therapy of diabetic polyneuropathy: a review of experimental and clinical studies]. Nervous diseases. 2017;2:3–9. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Солуянова Т.Н. Альфа-липоевая кислота в лечении диабетической полинейропатии с позиций доказательной медицины // Эндокринология: новости, мнения, обучение. – 2018. – Т. 7, No.4. – С. 48–53. DOI: 10.24411/2304-9529-2018-14006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soluyanova TN. Al’fa-lipoevaya kislota v lechenii diabeticheskoj polinejropatii s pozicij dokazatel’noj mediciny [Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine]. Endocrinology: news, opinions, training. 2018;7(4):48–53. DOI: 10.24411/2304-9529-2018-14006. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agashe S, Petak S. Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus // Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. – 2018. – Vol. 14, No.4. – Р. 251–256. DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-14-4-251.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agashe S, Petak S. Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2018 Oct-Dec; 14(4):251-6. DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-14-4-251.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Халимов Ю.Ш., Салухов В.В. Тиоктовая кислота: от клеточных механизмов регуляции к клинической практике // Эффективн. фармакотерапия. – 2012. – № 46. – С. 22–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khalimov YuSh, Salukhov VV. Tioktovaya kislota: ot kletochnyh mekhanizmov regulyacii k klinicheskoj praktike [Thioctic acid: from cellular mechanisms of regulation to clinical practice]. Effective pharmacotherapy. 2012; 46: 22–9. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group: Nathan D.M., Genuth S., Lachin J., Cleary P., Crofford O., Davis M., Rand L., Siebert C. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus // N. Engl. J. Med. – 1993. – Vol. 329, No.14. – P. 977–986. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group, Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, Cleary P, Crofford O, Davis M, Rand L, Siebert C. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30; 329(14):977–86. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akbari M., Ostadmohammadi V., Lankarani K.B., Tabrizi R., Kolahdooz F., Khatibi S.R., Asemi Z. The effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on glucose control and lipid profiles among patients with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials // Metabolism. – 2018. – Vol. 87. – P. 56–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.07.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akbari M, Ostadmohammadi V, Lankarani KB, Tabrizi R, Kolahdooz F, Khatibi SR, Asemi Z. The effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on glucose control and lipid profiles among patients with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism. 2018 Oct; 87:56–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.07.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ziegler D., Nowak H., Kempler P. et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy with antioxidant α-lipoic acid: a meta-analysis // Diabet. Med. – 2004. – Vol. 21. – P. 114–121. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01109.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ziegler D, Nowak H, Kempler P, Vargha P, Low PA. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid: a meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2004 Feb;21(2):114–21. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01109.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molz P., Schroder N. Potential therapeutic effects of lipoic acid on memory deficits related to aging and neurodegeneration // Front Pharmacol. – 2017. – Vol. 8. – Art. No.849. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00849.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molz P, Schröder N. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Lipoic Acid on Memory Deficits Related to Aging and Neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol. 2017 Dec 12; 8:849. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00849.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gianturco V., Bellomo A., D’Ottavio E., Formosa V., et al. Impact of therapy with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the oxidative stress in the controlled NIDDM: a possible preventive way against the organ dysfunction? // Arch. Gerontol Geriatr. – 2009. – Vol. 49. – Р. 129–133. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.09.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gianturco V, Bellomo A, D’Ottavio E, Formosa V, Iori A, Mancinella M, Troisi G, Marigliano V. Impact of therapy with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the oxidative stress in the controlled NIDDM: a possible preventive way against the organ dysfunction? Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009; 49 Suppl 1:129–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.09.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ansar H., Mazloom Z., Kazemi F., Hejazi N. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on blood glucose, insulin resistance and glutathione peroxidase of type 2 diabetic patients // Saudi Med. J. – 2011. – Vol. 32. – Р. 584–588.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ansar H, Mazloom Z, Kazemi F, Hejazi N. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on blood glucose, insulin resistance and glutathione peroxidase of type 2 diabetic patients. Saudi Med J. 2011 Jun; 32(6):584–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J., Zhou X., Wu W., Wang J., Xie H., Wu Z. Regeneration of glutathione by alpha-lipoic acid via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway alleviates cadmium-induced HepG2 cell toxicity // Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. – 2017. – Vol. 51. – Р. 30–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J, Zhou X, Wu W, Wang J, Xie H, Wu Z. Regeneration of glutathione by α-lipoic acid via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway alleviates cadmium-induced HepG2 cell toxicity. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017 Apr; 51:30–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fratantonio D., Speciale A., Molonia M.S., Bashllari R., Palumbo M., Saija A., Cimino F., Monastra G., Virgili F. Alpha-lipoic acid, but not di-hydrolipoic acid, activates Nrf2 response in primary human umbilical-vein endothelial cells and protects against TNFalpha induced endothelium dysfunction // Arch. Biochem. Biophys. – 2018. – Vol. 655. – Р. 18–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.08.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fratantonio D, Speciale A, Molonia MS, Bashllari R, Palumbo M, Saija A, Cimino F, Monastra G, Virgili F. Alpha-lipoic acid, but not di-hydrolipoic acid, activates Nrf2 response in primary human umbilical-vein endothelial cells and protects against TNF-α induced endothelium dysfunction. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2018 Oct 1; 655:18–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.08.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тутельян В.А., Махова А.А., Погожева А.В., Ших Е.В., Елизарова Е.В., Хотимченко С.А. Липоевая кислота: физиологическая роль и перспективы клинического применения // Вопр. питания. – 2019. – Т. 88, № 4. – С. 6–11. DOI: 10.24411/0042-8833-2019-10035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tutelyan VA, Makhova AA, Pogozheva AV, Shikh EV, Elizarova EV, Khotimchenko SA. [Lipoic acid: physiological role and prospects for clinical application]. Vopr Pitan. 2019; 88(4):6–11. DOI: 10.24411/0042-8833-2019-10035. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ziegler D., Schatz H., Conrad F., Gries F.A., Ulrich H., Reichel G. Effects of treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid on cardiac autonomic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. A 4-month randomized controlled multicenter trial (DEKAN Study) // Diabetes Care. – 1997. – Vol. 20, No. 3. – Р. 369–373. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.20.3.369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ziegler D, Schatz H, Conrad F, Gries FA, Ulrich H, Reichel G. Effects of treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid on cardiac autonomic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. A 4-month randomized controlled multicenter trial (DEKAN Study). Deutsche Kardiale Autonome Neuropathie. Diabetes Care. 1997 Mar; 20(3):369–73. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.20.3.369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasheghani, M., Sarvghadi, F., Beyranvand, M.R. et al. The relationship between QT interval indices with cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients: a case control study // Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. – 2020. – Vol. 12, No.1. – Art. No. 102. DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00609-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasheghani M, Sarvghadi F, Beyranvand MR, Emami H. The relationship between QT interval indices with cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients: a case control study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020 Nov 19; 12(1):102. DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00609-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duque A., Mediano М.F., De Lorenzo A., Rodrigues L.F. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: Pathophysiology, clinical assessment and implications // World J. Diabetes. – 2021. – Vol. 12, No.6. – Р. 855–867. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duque A, Mediano MFF, De Lorenzo A, Rodrigues LF Jr. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: Pathophysiology, clinical assessment and implications. World J Diabetes. 2021 Jun 15; 12(6):855–867. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.855.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куликов Д.А., Глазков А.А., Ковалева Ю.А., Балашова Н.В., Куликов А.В. Перспективы использования лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии в оценке кожной микроциркуляции крови при сахарном диабете // Сахар. диабет. – 2017. – Т. 20, №4. – С. 279–285. DOI: 10.14341/DM8014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulikov DA, Glazkov AA, Kovaleva YuA, Balashova NV, Kulikov AV. Prospects of Laser Doppler flowmetry application in assessment of skin microcirculation in diabetes. Diabetes mellitus. 2017; 20(4):279–285. DOI: 10.14341/DM8014. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малюжинская Н. В., Степаненко К. В., Волчанский Е. И. Оценка функционального состояния микроциркуляторного русла у детей с сахарным диабетом 1 типа // Мед. вестн. Юга России. – 2020. – Т. 11, №. 2. – С. 71–80. DOI: 10.21886/2219-8075-2020-11-2-71-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malyuzhinskaya NV, Stepanenko KV, Volchansky EI. Assessment of the functional state of the microvasculature in children with diabetes mellitus type 1. Medical Herald of the South of Russia. 2020; 11(2):71–80. DOI: 10.21886/2219-8075-2020-11-2-71-80. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малюжинская Н.В., Кожевникова К.В., Полякова О.В., Жидких А.Н. Анализ амплитудно-частотного спектра колебаний кровотока у детей с сахарным диабетом 1 типа // Вестн. Волгоград. гос. мед. ун-та. – 2016 – Т. 59, №3. – С. 58–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malyuzhinskaya N.V., Kozhevnikova K.V., Polyakova O.V., Zhidkikh A.N. Analiz amplitudno-chastotnogo spektra kolebanij krovotoka u detej s saharnym diabetom 1 tipa [Analysis of the amplitude-frequency spectrum of blood flow oscillations in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. Bull Volgograd State Med Univer. 2016; 59(3):58–61. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степаненко К. В., Малюжинская Н.В., Федько Н.А., Клиточенко Г.В., Волчанский Е.И., Джанибекова А.С., Полякова О.В., Петрова И.В. Нарушения липидного обмена и кардиоваскулярная патология у детей с сахарным диабетом 1 типа // Мед. вестн. Сев. Кавказа. – 2020. – Т. 15, № 4. – С. 488–491. DOI: 10.14300/mnnc.2020.15114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanenko KV, Malyuzhinskaya NV, Fedko NA, Klitochenko GV, Volchansky EI, Dzhanibekova AS, Polyakova OV, Petrova IV. Narusheniya lipidnogo obmena i kardiovaskulyarnaya patologiya u detej s saharnym diabetom 1 tipa [Lipid metabolism disorders and cardiovascular pathology in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. Med Bull North Caucasus. 2020; 15(4):488–91. DOI: 10.14300/mnnc.2020.15114. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Храмилин В.Н., Андреева В.А. Эффективность a-липоевой кислоты при диабетической полинейропатии // Consilium Medicum. – 2015. – Т. 17, № 9. – С. 144–148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khramilin VN, Andreeva VA. Effektivnost’ a-lipoevoj kisloty pri diabeticheskoj polinejropatii [Efficacy of a-lipoic acid in diabetic polyneuropathy]. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17(9):144–8. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacob S., Rett K., Henriksen E.J., Haring H.U. Thioctic acid – effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose-metabolism // Biofactors. – 1999. – Vol. 10. – Р. 169–74. DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520100212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacob S, Rett K, Henriksen EJ, Häring HU. Thioctic acid-effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose-metabolism. Biofactors. 1999; 10(2–3):169–74. DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520100212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porasuphatana S. Suddee S., Nartnampong A. et al. Glycemic and oxidative status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus following oral administration of alpha lipoic acid: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study // Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. – 2012. – Vol. 21, No. 1. – P. 12–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porasuphatana S, Suddee S, Nartnampong A, Konsil J, Harnwong B, Santaweesuk A. Glycemic and oxidative status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus following oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012; 21(1):12–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ziegler D., Low P.A., Freeman R., Tritschler H., Vinik A.I. Predictors of improvement and progression of diabetic polyneuropathy following treatment with alpha-lipoic acid for 4 years in the NATHAN 1 trial // J. Diabetes Complications. – 2016. – Vol. 30, No. 2. – Р. 350–356. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.10.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ziegler D, Low PA, Freeman R, Tritschler H, Vinik AI. Predictors of improvement and progression of diabetic polyneuropathy following treatment with α-lipoic acid for 4 years in the NATHAN 1 trial. J Diabetes Complications. 2016 Mar; 30(2):350–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.10.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wollin S.D., Wang Y., Kubow S., Jones P.J. Effects of a medium chain triglyceride oil mixture and alpha-lipoic acid diet on body composition, antioxidant status, and plasma lipid levels in the Golden Syrian hamster // J. Nutr. Biochem. – 2004. – Vol. 15, No.7. – P. 402–410. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2003.12.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wollin SD, Wang Y, Kubow S, Jones PJ. Effects of a medium chain triglyceride oil mixture and alpha-lipoic acid diet on body composition, antioxidant status, and plasma lipid levels in the Golden Syrian hamster. J Nutr Biochem. 2004 Jul; 15(7):402–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2003.12.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y., Han P., Wu N., He B., Lu Y., Li S., Liu Y., Zhao S., Liu L., Li Y. Amelioration of lipid abnormalities by α-lipoic acid through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects // Obesity (Silver Spring). – 2011. – Vol. 19, No.8. – P. 1647–1653. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y, Han P, Wu N, He B, Lu Y, Li S, Liu Y, Zhao S, Liu L, Li Y. Amelioration of lipid abnormalities by α-lipoic acid through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Aug; 19(8):1647–53. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малюжинская Н.В., Кожевникова К.В., Полякова О.В. Факторы, влияющие на продолжительность интервала QT у детей с сахарным диабетом типа 1 и возможность прогнозирования его удлинения // Вестн. Волгоград. гос. мед. ун-та. – 2016. – Т. 58, №2. – С. 132–135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malyuzhinskaya NV, Kozhevnikova KV, Polyakova OV. Faktory, vliyayushchie na prodolzhitel’nost’ intervala QT u detej s saharnym diabetom tipa 1 i vozmozhnost’ prognozirovaniya ego udlineniya [Factors affecting the duration of the QT interval in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and the possibility of predicting its lengthening]. Bull Volgograd State Med Univers. 2016; 58(2):132–5. Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nyiraty S., Pesei F., Orosz A., Coluzzi S., Eszter Vági O., Lengyel C., Ábrahám G., Frontoni S., Kempler P., Várkonyi T. Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Glucose Variability in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Is There an Association? – Frontiers in endocrinology. – 2018. – Vol. 9. – Art. No.174. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nyiraty S, Pesei F, Orosz A, Coluzzi S, Vági OE, Lengyel C, Ábrahám G, Frontoni S, Kempler P, Várkonyi T. Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Glucose Variability in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Is There an Association? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Apr 19; 9:174. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
