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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmedpharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармация и фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-9266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-2241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical Univer</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-6-589-600</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmedpharm-1223</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>УЧАСТИЕ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В МЕХАНИЗМАХ ТОКСИЧНОСТИ АЦЕТАТА СВИНЦА В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EXPERIMENTAL PARTICIPATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES IN MECHANISMS OF LEAD ACETATE TOXICITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-6104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзугкоев</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzugkoev</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделом физиологических и биохимических механизмов патологии ИБМИ ВНЦ РАН</p><p>362025, Россия, г. Владикавказ, ул. Пушкинская, д. 47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Head of the Department of Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research – branch of Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the RAS</p><p>47, Pushkinskaya Str., Vladikavkaz, Russia, 362025</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">patbiochem@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4208-8157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзугкоева</surname><given-names>Ф. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzugkoeva</surname><given-names>F. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории патобиохимии ИБМИ ВНЦ РАН</p><p>362025, Россия, г. Владикавказ, ул. Пушкинская, д. 47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry – branch of Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the RAS</p><p>47, Pushkinskaya Str., Vladikavkaz, Russia, 362025</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">firadzugkoeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3557-0586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маргиева</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Margieva</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории патобиохимии ИБМИ ВНЦ РАН</p><p>362025, Россия, г. Владикавказ, ул. Пушкинская, д. 47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry – branch of Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the RAS</p><p>47, Pushkinskaya Str., Vladikavkaz, Russia, 362025</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">margievaolga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-779X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубулова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubulova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории патобиохимии ИБМИ ВНЦ РАН</p><p>362025, Россия, г. Владикавказ, ул. Пушкинская, д. 47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Researcher, Laboratory of Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry – branch of Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the RAS</p><p>47, Pushkinskaya Str., Vladikavkaz, Russia, 362025</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kvizia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3507-9356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Можаева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozhaeva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории патобиохимии ИБМИ ВНЦ РАН</p><p>362025, Россия, г. Владикавказ, ул. Пушкинская, д. 47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry – branch of Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the RAS</p><p>47, Pushkinskaya Str., Vladikavkaz, Russia, 362025</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ledmin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биомедицинских исследований – филиал федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Федерального научного центра «Владикавказский научный центр Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biomedical Research – branch of Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>589</fpage><lpage>600</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дзугкоев С.Г., Дзугкоева Ф.С., Маргиева О.И., Хубулова А.Е., Можаева И.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дзугкоев С.Г., Дзугкоева Ф.С., Маргиева О.И., Хубулова А.Е., Можаева И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dzugkoev S.G., Dzugkoeva F.S., Margieva O.I., Khubulova A.E., Mozhaeva I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1223">https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1223</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение фармакологических веществ, играющих роль регуляторов экспрессии eNOS, в модификации эффектов свинцовой интоксикации в эксперименте.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В эксперименте были использованы линейные крысы-самцы одного возраста: интактные и со свинцовой интоксикацией (120 голов). Дизайн исследования: группа 1– контроль; группа 2 – интоксикация раствором ацетата свинца; группа 3 – интактные + L-нитроаргинин метиловый эфир; группа 4 – ацетат свинца + L-нитроаргинин метиловый эфир; группа 5 – интактные + L-аргинин; группа 6 – ацетат свинца + L-аргинин. В исследовании проводилось изучение состояния окислительно-восстановительных реакций, содержания стабильных метаболитов оксида азота (NOх), липидного профиля, уровня экспрессии NO-синтазы (eNOS) в эндотелии сосудов, основных процессов мочеобразования и активности Na+/K+-АТФ-азы слоёв почечной ткани, а также в печени. Результаты подвергались статистической обработке.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сатурнизм вызвал развитие окислительного стресса, снижение содержания NOх в плазме крови, нарушение биодоступности L-аргинина для eNOS и дисфункцию эндотелия. Показателями нарушения функции почек были снижение скорости клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ), канальцевой реабсорбции воды, натрия и активности Na+/K+-АТФ-азы. О повреждении гепатоцитов свидетельствовало изменение активности органоспецифических ферментов в крови и Na+/K+-АТФ-азы. L-аргинин проявлял антиоксидантные свойства, повышал содержание NOx и уровень экспрессии eNOS. Ингибитор eNOS – L-нитроаргинин метиловый эфир показал противоположные L-аргинину эффекты.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Биохимическими маркерами повреждения клеток почек и печени при сатурнизме являются показатели окислительного стресса, дефицит NOх и нарушение гемодинамики в них. В этих механизмах участвовали фармакологические вещества: ингибитор eNOS – L-нитроаргинин метиловый эфир, вызывавший снижение уровня экспрессии энзима, и индуктор eNOS – L-аргинин, повышавший степень выраженности этого показателя. В механизмах токсичности свинца участвовало нарушение обмена холестерина, способствующее сниженной доступности L-аргинина для eNOS и продукции NOx. Следовательно, применение L-аргинина можно рекомендовать как регулятора окислительного стресса и NO-продуцирующей функции эндотелия при других патологиях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work is to study pharmacological substances that play a role of eNOS expression regulators in the modification of lead intoxication effects in the experiment.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In the experiment, linear male rats of the same age were used: intact and with lead intoxication (120 heads). The study design was the following: group 1 – control; group 2 – intoxication with a lead acetate solution; group 3 – intact + L-nitroarginine methyl ester; group 4 – lead acetate + L-nitroarginine methyl ester; group 5 – intact + L-arginine; group 6 – lead acetate + L-arginine. The research carried out the study state of the redox reactions, the content of nitric oxide (NOx) stable metabolites, a lipid profile, the level of NO-synthase (eNOS) expression in the vascular endothelium, the main processes of urination and the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in the renal tissue layers, as well as in the liver. The results were subjected to statistical processing.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Saturnism caused the oxidative stress development, a decrease in the NOx content in blood plasma, a violation of the L-arginine for eNOS bioavailability, and an endothelial dysfunction. Indicators of the impaired renal function were a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the tubular reabsorption of water, sodium, and the Na+/K+-ATPase activity. The damage to hepatocytes was evidenced by changes in the activity of organ-specific enzymes in the blood and Na+/K+-ATPase. L-arginine exhibited antioxidant properties, increased the NOx content and the level of eNOS expression. The eNOS L-nitroarginine methyl ester inhibitor showed the effects opposite to L-arginine.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Biochemical markers of damage to kidney and liver cells during saturnism are indicators of the oxidative stress, NOx deficiency and hemodynamic disturbances in them. These mechanisms involved the following pharmacological substances: an eNOS inhibitor, L-nitroarginine methyl ester, which caused a decrease in the expression level of the enzyme, and an eNOS inducer, L-arginine, which increased this indicator severity. The lead toxicity mechanisms have been implicated in the impaired cholesterol metabolism, contributing to the L-arginine reduced availability for eNOS and the NOx production. Therefore, the use of L-arginine can be recommended as a regulator of the oxidative stress and an NO-producing endothelial function in other pathologies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ацетат свинца</kwd><kwd>перекисное окисление липидов</kwd><kwd>антиокислительная система</kwd><kwd>суммарные метаболиты оксида азота</kwd><kwd>дисфункция эндотелия</kwd><kwd>L-аргинин</kwd><kwd>L-NAME</kwd><kwd>функция почек</kwd><kwd>холестерин</kwd><kwd>гепатоциты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lead acetate</kwd><kwd>lipid peroxidation</kwd><kwd>antioxidant system</kwd><kwd>total nitric oxide metabolites</kwd><kwd>endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>L-arginine</kwd><kwd>L-NAME</kwd><kwd>kidney function</kwd><kwd>cholesterol</kwd><kwd>hepatocytes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данное исследование не имело финансовой поддержки от сторонних организаций.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study did not receive financial support from third parties.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boskabady M., Marefati N., Farkhondeh T., Farzaneh Sh., Farshbaf A., Boskabady M.H. 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