<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmedpharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармация и фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-9266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-2241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical Univer</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2307-9266-2023-11-1-62-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmedpharm-1259</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование биоэквивалентности воспроизведенного препарата нирматрелвира у здоровых добровольцев</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bioequivalence study of generic nirmatrelvir in healthy volunteers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-9397</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осешнюк</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oseshnyuk</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный исследователь, заместитель управляющего ООО «НИЦ Эко-безопасность».</p><p>196143, Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, пр. Юрия Гагарина, д. 65</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Principal Investigator, Deputy Manager of Eco-Safety Scientific Research Center.</p><p>65, Yuri Gagarin Ave., St. Petersburg, Russia, 196143</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rao81@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-0787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифорова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель отдела биоаналитики ООО «Экзактэ Лабс».</p><p>117246, Россия, г. Москва, Научный пр-д, 20, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of the Bioanalytics Department of Exacte Labs. </p><p>Bldg 2, 20, Nauchny driveway, Moscow, Russia, 117246</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aiyyna.nikiforova@exactelabs.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-5551</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородулева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boroduleva</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший химик-аналитик ООО «Экзактэ Лабс»</p><p>117246, Россия, г. Москва, Научный пр-д, 20, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Analytical Chemist of Exacte Labs. </p><p>Bldg 2, 20, Nauchny driveway, Moscow, Russia, 117246</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.boroduleva@exactelabs.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3634-596X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболев</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobolev</surname><given-names>P. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий лабораторией биоаналитики ООО «Экзактэ Лабс».</p><p>117246, Россия, г. Москва, Научный пр-д, 20, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of the laboratory of bioanalytics of Exacte Labs. </p><p>Bldg 2, 20, Nauchny driveway, Moscow, Russia, 117246</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavel.sobolev@exactelabs.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-7297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лесничук</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lesnichuk</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры биологической химии ФГАОУ «Первый МГМУ им. Сеченова» Минздрава России.</p><p>119991, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Associate Professor of the Biological Chemistry Department, First Moscow State Medical University.</p><p>Bldg 2, 8, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, Russia, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lesnichuk_s_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0558-8159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаряев</surname><given-names>Б. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garyaev</surname><given-names>B. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент 4-го курса института фармации им. А.П. Нелюбина ФГАОУ «Первый МГМУ им. Сеченова» Минздрава России.</p><p>119991, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4th year student of the Institute of Pharmacy n. a. A.P. Nelyubina, First Moscow State Medical University.</p><p>Bldg 2, 8, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, Russia, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">garyaev_b_b@student.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5739-4610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант медицинского института, ФГАОУ ВО РУДН.</p><p>125009, Россия, г. Москва, Брюсов пер., д. 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>post-graduate student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. </p><p>21, Bryusov driveway, Moscow, Russia, 125009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1032172704@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8934-8884</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мозговая</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozgovaya</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный советник департамента доклинической и клинической разработки АО «Р-Фарм»</p><p>123154, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Берзарина, д. 19, корп. 1</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Scientific Advisor of the preclinical and Clinical Development Department, R-Pharm group. </p><p>Bldg 1, 19, Berzarin Str., Moscow, Russia, 123154</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mozgovay@rpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8735-7429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филон</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filon</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор департамента доклинической и клинической разработки АО «Р-Фарм».</p><p>123154, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Берзарина, д. 19, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director of the Department of preclinical and Clinical Development, R-Pharm group. </p><p>Bldg 1, 19, Berzarin Str., Moscow, Russia, 123154</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ov.filon@rpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-0496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинковская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinkovskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель группы биостатистики департамента доклинической и клинической разработки АО «Р-Фарм».</p><p>123154, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Берзарина, д. 19, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of the Biostatistics Group of the preclinical and Clinical Development Department, R-Pharm group.</p><p>Bldg 1, 19, Berzarin Str., Moscow, Russia, 123154</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zinkovskaya@rpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-7910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгорукова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgorukova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биостатистик департамента доклинической и клинической разработки АО «Р-Фарм».</p><p>123154, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Берзарина, д. 19, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>biostatistician of the of preclinical and Clinical Development Department, R-Pharm group. </p><p>Bldg 1, 19, Berzarin Str., Moscow, Russia, 123154</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolgorukova@rpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-0869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ханонина</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khanonina</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>медицинский писатель департамента доклинической и клинической разработки АО «Р-Фарм»; студентка 2-го курса института фармации им. А.П. Нелюбина ФГАОУ «Первый МГМУ им. Сеченова» Минздрава  России.</p><p>125009, Россия, г. Москва, Брюсов пер., д. 21.</p><p>123154, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Берзарина, д. 19, корп. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Medical Writer of the Preclinical and Clinical Development Department, R-Pharm group; 2th year student of the Institute of Pharmacy n. a. A.P. Nelyubina, First Moscow State Medical University.</p><p>Bldg 2, 8, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, Russia, 119991.</p><p>Bldg 1, 19, Berzarin Str., Moscow, Russia, 123154</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khanonina@rphapm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-6583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатьев</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatiev</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, генеральный директор АО «Р-Фарм». </p><p>123154, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Берзарина, д. 19, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), General Director of R-Pharm group. </p><p>Bldg 1, 19, Berzarin Str., Moscow, Russia, 123154</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@rpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2685-1623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонов</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, медицинский директор, АО «Р-Фарм».</p><p>123154, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Берзарина, д. 19, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Medical Director, R-Pharm group. </p><p>Bldg 1, 19, Berzarin Str., Moscow, Russia, 123154</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samsonov@rpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Научно-исследовательский центр Эко-безопасность»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Limited Liability Company “Eco-Safety Scientific Research Center”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Экзактэ Лабс»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Limited Liability Company “Exacte Labs”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество «Р-Фарм»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Joint-Stock Company “R-Pharm”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>1. Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет).&#13;
2. Акционерное общество «Р-Фарм»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>1. First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).&#13;
2. Joint-Stock Company “R-Pharm”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Осешнюк Р.А., Никифорова А.Г., Бородулева А.Ю., Соболев П.Д., Лесничук С.А., Гаряев Б.Б., Абрамова А.А., Мозговая В.Г., Филон О.В., Зинковская А.В., Долгорукова А.Н., Ханонина Е.К., Игнатьев В.Г., Самсонов М.Ю., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Осешнюк Р.А., Никифорова А.Г., Бородулева А.Ю., Соболев П.Д., Лесничук С.А., Гаряев Б.Б., Абрамова А.А., Мозговая В.Г., Филон О.В., Зинковская А.В., Долгорукова А.Н., Ханонина Е.К., Игнатьев В.Г., Самсонов М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oseshnyuk R.A., Nikiforova A.G., Boroduleva A.Y., Sobolev P.D., Lesnichuk S.A., Garyaev B.B., Abramova A.A., Mozgovaya V.G., Filon O.V., Zinkovskaya A.V., Dolgorukova A.N., Khanonina E.K., Ignatiev V.G., Samsonov M.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1259">https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1259</self-uri><abstract><p>Нирматрелвир представляет собой противовирусный препарат, который в сочетании с ритонавиром является эффективным средством для этиотропной терапии пациентов с COVID-19 легкого и среднетяжелого течения.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить биоэквивалентность воспроизведенного препарата нирматрелвира Арпаксел в сочетании с ритонавиром и оригинального препарата Паксловид, представляющего собой комбинацию нирматрелвир/ритонавир, при однократном применении здоровыми добровольцами.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Данное исследование представляло собой открытое рандомизированное простое перекрестное исследование биоэквивалентности. Оно включало 2 периода, в каждом из которых добровольцы получали либо исследуемый препарат (нирматрелвир в дозе 300 мг) в комбинации с ритонавиром (100 мг), либо референтный препарат (комбинация нирматрелвира 300 мг и ритонавира 100 мг) однократно. Отмывочный период между каждым из приемов составил 7 сут. Отбор образцов плазмы крови для определения концентрации нирматрелвира производили в интервале от 0 до 36 ч в каждом из периодов исследования. Концентрацию нирматрелвира определяли валидированным методом ВЭЖХ-МС/МС с нижним пределом количественного определения 10 нг/мл. Для оценки биоэквивалентности проводили сопоставление 90% доверительных интервалов (ДИ) для отношения средних геометрических AUC(0–36) и Cmax препаратов с установленными пределами эквивалентности 80,00–125,00%.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследование были включены 68 здоровых добровольцев, из них в популяцию для оценки биоэквивалентности вошли 67 участников. Фармакокинетические параметры препаратов были сопоставимы между собой. Доверительный интервал 90% для отношения средних геометрических показателей максимальной концентрации препарата в плазме крови и площади под фармакокинетической кривой «концентрация-время» от нуля до последнего отбора крови в пределах 36 ч нирматрелвира составили 87,26–100,83 и 93,27–103,74%, что соответствует критериям оценки биоэквивалентности. Препараты исследования хорошо переносились добровольцами. Частота нежелательных явлений была схожей для исследуемого и референтного препаратов. В течение всего исследования не было зарегистрировано ни одного серьёзного нежелательного явления.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В результате данного исследования была установлена биоэквивалентность исследуемого и референтного препаратов. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nirmatrelvir is an antiviral drug that, in combination with ritonavir, is an effective agent for the etiotropic therapy of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.</p><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate bioequivalence of the generic drug nirmatrelvir Аrpaxel in combination with ritonavir and the original drug Paxlovid, which is a combination of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, in a single dose administration to healthy volunteers.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This research was an open-label, randomized, two-period crossover bioequivalence study. It included 2 periods, in each of which the volunteers received either a test drug (nirmatrelvir at the dose of 300 mg) in combination with ritonavir (100 mg), or a reference drug (a combination of nirmatrelvir 300 mg and ritonavir 100 mg), given as a single dose. A wash-out period between each of the administrations was 7 days. The blood sampling to determine the concentration of nirmatrelvir was carried out in the range from 0 to 36 h in each of the study periods. A nirmatrelvir concentration was determined by a validated HPLC-MS/MS method with a lower quantitation limit of 10 ng/mL. Bioequivalence was assessed by comparing 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the ratio of geometric means of AUC(0–16) and Cmax of the test drug and reference drugs with the established equivalence limits of 80.00–125.00%.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the study were included 68 healthy volunteers, 67 participants of which were included in the bioequivalence population. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs were comparable to each other. The 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the geometric mean of the maximum drug concentration in the blood plasma and the area under the pharmacokinetic curve «concentration-time» from zero to the last blood draw within 36 hours of nirmatrelvir was 87.26–100.83 and 93.27–103.74%, which meets the criteria for assessing bioequivalence. The test drugs were well tolerated by the volunteers. The incidence of adverse events was similar for the test and reference drugs. No serious adverse events were recorded during the entire study.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. As a result of this study, bioequivalence of the test and reference drugs has been established.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>биоэквивалентность</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетика</kwd><kwd>нирматрелвир</kwd><kwd>ритонавир</kwd><kwd>воспроизведенный препарат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>bioequivalence</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetics</kwd><kwd>nirmatrelvir</kwd><kwd>ritonavir</kwd><kwd>generic drug</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнялась при финансировании группы компаний АО «Р-Фарм».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the financing of the R-Pharm group.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joyce R.P., Hu V.W., Wang J. The history, mechanism, and perspectives of nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332): an orally bioavailable main protease inhibitor used in combination with ritonavir to reduce COVID-19-related hospitalizations // Med. Chem. Res. – 2022. – Vol. 31, No. 10. – P. 1637–1646. DOI:10.1007/s00044-022-02951-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joyce RP, Hu VW, Wang J. The history, mechanism, and perspectives of nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332): an orally bioavailable main protease inhibitor used in combination with ritonavir to reduce COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Med Chem Res. 2022;31(10):1637–46. DOI:10.1007/s00044-022-02951-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vangeel L., Chiu W., De Jonghe S., Maes P., Slechten B., Raymenants J., André E., Leyssen P., Neyts J., Jochmans D. Remdesivir, Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir remain active against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and other variants of concern // Antiviral. Res. – 2022. – Vol. 198. – Art. ID: 105252. DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105252</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vangeel L, Chiu W, De Jonghe S, Maes P, Slechten B, Raymenants J, André E, Leyssen P, Neyts J, Jochmans D. Remdesivir, Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir remain active against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and other variants of concern. Antiviral Res. 2022 Feb;198:105252. DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105252</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marzi M., Vakil M.K., Bahmanyar M., Zarenezhad E. Paxlovid: Mechanism of Action, Synthesis, and In Silico Study // Biomed. Res. Int. – 2022. – Vol. 2022. – Art. ID: 7341493. DOI:10.1155/2022/7341493</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marzi M, Vakil MK, Bahmanyar M, Zarenezhad E. Paxlovid: Mechanism of Action, Synthesis, and In Silico Study. Biomed Res Int. 2022 Jul 7;2022:7341493. DOI:10.1155/2022/7341493</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh R.S.P., Toussi S.S., Hackman F., Chan P.L., Rao R., Allen R., Van Eyck L., Pawlak S., Kadar E.P., Clark F., Shi H., Anderson A.S., Binks M., Menon S., Nucci G., Bergman A. Innovative Randomized Phase I Study and Dosing Regimen Selection to Accelerate and Inform Pivotal COVID-19 Trial of Nirmatrelvir // Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2022. – Vol. 112, No. 1. – P. 101–111. DOI:10.1002/cpt.2603</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh RSP, Toussi SS, Hackman F, Chan PL, Rao R, Allen R, Van Eyck L, Pawlak S, Kadar EP, Clark F, Shi H, Anderson AS, Binks M, Menon S, Nucci G, Bergman A. Innovative Randomized Phase I Study and Dosing Regimen Selection to Accelerate and Inform Pivotal COVID-19 Trial of Nirmatrelvir. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022 Jul;112(1):101–11. DOI:10.1002/cpt.2603</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vangeel L., Chiu W., De Jonghe S., Maes P., Slechten B., Raymenants J., André E., Leyssen P., Neyts J., Jochmans D. Remdesivir, Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir remain active against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and other variants of concern // Antiviral. Res. – 2022. – Vol. 198. – Art. ID: 105252. DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105252</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vangeel L, Chiu W, De Jonghe S, Maes P, Slechten B, Raymenants J, André E, Leyssen P, Neyts J, Jochmans D. Remdesivir, Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir remain active against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and other variants of concern. Antiviral Res. 2022 Feb;198:105252. DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105252</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catlin N.R., Bowman C.J., Campion S.N., Cheung J.R., Nowland W.S., Sathish J.G., Stethem C.M., Updyke L., Cappon G.D. Reproductive and developmental safety of nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), an oral SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor in animal models // Reprod. Toxicol. – 2022. – Vol. 108. – P. 56–61. DOI:10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.01.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catlin NR, Bowman CJ, Campion SN, Cheung JR, Nowland WS, Sathish JG, Stethem CM, Updyke L, Cappon GD. Reproductive and developmental safety of nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), an oral SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor in animal models. Reprod Toxicol. 2022 Mar;108:56–61. DOI:10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.01.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeong J.H., Chokkakula S., Min S.C., Kim B.K., Choi W.S., Oh S., Yun Y.S., Kang D.H., Lee O.J., Kim E.G., Choi J.H., Lee J.Y., Choi Y.K., Baek Y.H., Song M.S. Combination therapy with nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir improves the survival of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice // Antiviral. Res. – 2022. – Vol. 208. – Art. ID: 105430. DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105430</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeong JH, Chokkakula S, Min SC, Kim BK, Choi WS, Oh S, Yun YS, Kang DH, Lee OJ, Kim EG, Choi JH, Lee JY, Choi YK, Baek YH, Song MS. Combination therapy with nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir improves the survival of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. Antiviral Res. 2022 Dec;208:105430. DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105430</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greasley S.E., Noell S., Plotnikova O., Ferre R., Liu W., Bolanos B., Fennell K., Nicki J., Craig T., Zhu Y., Stewart A.E., Steppan C.M. Structural basis for the in vitro efficacy of nirmatrelvir against SARS-CoV-2 variants // J. Biol. Chem. – 2022. – Vol. 298, No. 6. – Art. ID: 101972. DOI:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101972</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greasley SE, Noell S, Plotnikova O, Ferre R, Liu W, Bolanos B, Fennell K, Nicki J, Craig T, Zhu Y, Stewart AE, Steppan CM. Structural basis for the in vitro efficacy of nirmatrelvir against SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Biol Chem. 2022 Jun;298(6):101972. DOI:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101972</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Owen D.R., Allerton C.M.N., Anderson A.S., Aschenbrenner L., Avery M., Berritt S., Boras B., Cardin R.D., Carlo A., Coffman K.J., Dantonio A., Di L., Eng H., Ferre R., Gajiwala K.S., Gibson S.A., Greasley S.E., Hurst B.L., Kadar E.P., Kalgutkar A.S., Lee J.C., Lee J., Liu W., Mason S.W., Noell S., Novak J.J., Obach R.S., Ogilvie K., Patel N.C., Pettersson M., Rai D.K., Reese M.R., Sammons M.F., Sathish J.G., Singh R.S.P., Steppan C.M., Stewart A.E., Tuttle J.B., Updyke L., Verhoest P.R., Wei L., Yang Q., Zhu Y. An oral SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor clinical candidate for the treatment of COVID-19 // Science. – 2021. – Vol. 374, No. 6575. – P. 1586–1593. DOI:10.1126/science.abl4784</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Owen DR, Allerton CMN, Anderson AS, Aschenbrenner L, Avery M, Berritt S, Boras B, Cardin RD, Carlo A, Coffman KJ, Dantonio A, Di L, Eng H, Ferre R, Gajiwala KS, Gibson SA, Greasley SE, Hurst BL, Kadar EP, Kalgutkar AS, Lee JC, Lee J, Liu W, Mason SW, Noell S, Novak JJ, Obach RS, Ogilvie K, Patel NC, Pettersson M, Rai DK, Reese MR, Sammons MF, Sathish JG, Singh RSP, Steppan CM, Stewart AE, Tuttle JB, Updyke L, Verhoest PR, Wei L, Yang Q, Zhu Y. An oral SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor clinical candidate for the treatment of COVID-19. Science. 2021 Dec 24;374(6575):1586–93. DOI:10.1126/science.abl4784</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wen W., Chen C., Tang J., Wang C., Zhou M., Cheng Y., Zhou X., Wu Q., Zhang X., Feng Z., Wang M., Mao Q. Efficacy and safety of three new oral antiviral treatment (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) for COVID-19: a meta-analysis // Ann. Med. – 2022. – Vol. 54, No. 1. – P. 516–523. DOI:10.1080/07853890.2022.2034936</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wen W, Chen C, Tang J, Wang C, Zhou M, Cheng Y, Zhou X, Wu Q, Zhang X, Feng Z, Wang M, Mao Q. Efficacy and safety of three new oral antiviral treatment (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) for COVID-19:a meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2022 Dec;54(1):516–23. DOI:10.1080/07853890.2022.2034936</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drożdżal S., Rosik J., Lechowicz K., Machaj F., Szostak B., Przybyciński J., Lorzadeh S., Kotfis K., Ghavami S., Łos M.J. An update on drugs with therapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) treatment // Drug Resist. Updat. – 2021. – Vol. 59. – Art. ID: 100794. DOI:10.1016/j.drup.2021.100794</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drożdżal S, Rosik J, Lechowicz K, Machaj F, Szostak B, Przybyciński J, Lorzadeh S, Kotfis K, Ghavami S, Łos MJ. An update on drugs with therapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) treatment. Drug Resist Updat. 2021 Dec;59:100794. DOI:10.1016/j.drup.2021.100794</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hammond J., Leister-Tebbe H., Gardner A., Abreu P., Bao W., Wisemandle W., Baniecki M., Hendrick V.M., Damle B., Simón-Campos A., Pypstra R., Rusnak J.M.; EPIC-HR Investigators. Oral Nirmatrelvir for High-Risk, Nonhospitalized Adults with Covid-19 // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2022. – Vol. 386, No. 15. – P. 1397–1408. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2118542</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hammond J, Leister-Tebbe H, Gardner A, Abreu P, Bao W, Wisemandle W, Baniecki M, Hendrick VM, Damle B, Simón-Campos A, Pypstra R, Rusnak JM; EPIC-HR Investigators. Oral Nirmatrelvir for High-Risk, Nonhospitalized Adults with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2022 Apr 14;386(15):1397–408. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2118542</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong C.K.H., Au I.C.H., Lau K.T.K., Lau E.H.Y., Cowling B.J., Leung G.M. Real-world effectiveness of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir against mortality, hospitalisation, and in-hospital outcomes among community-dwelling, ambulatory patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron wave in Hong Kong: an observational study // Lancet. – 2022. – Vol. 400, No. 10359. – P. 1213–1222. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01586-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong CKH, Au ICH, Lau KTK, Lau EHY, Cowling BJ, Leung GM. Real-world effectiveness of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir against mortality, hospitalisation, and in-hospital outcomes among community-dwelling, ambulatory patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron wave in Hong Kong: an observational study. Lancet. 2022 Oct 8;400(10359):1213–22. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01586-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong C.K.H., Au I.C.H., Lau K.T.K., Lau E.H.Y., Cowling B.J., Leung G.M. Real-world effectiveness of early molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 without supplemental oxygen requirement on admission during Hong Kong’s omicron BA.2 wave: a retrospective cohort study // Lancet Infect. Dis. – 2022. – Vol. 22, No. 12. – P. 1681–1693. DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099, No. 22)00507-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong CKH, Au ICH, Lau KTK, Lau EHY, Cowling BJ, Leung GM. Real-world effectiveness of early molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 without supplemental oxygen requirement on admission during Hong Kong’s omicron BA.2 wave: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Dec;22(12):1681–93. DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00507-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Najjar-Debbiny R., Gronich N., Weber G., Khoury J., Amar M., Stein N., Goldstein L.H., Saliba W. Effectiveness of Paxlovid in Reducing Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mortality in High-Risk Patients // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2023. – Vol. 76, No. 3. – P. 342–349. DOI:10.1093/cid/ciac443. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis. – 2023. – Vol. 76, No. 6. – P. 1158–1159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Najjar-Debbiny R, Gronich N, Weber G, Khoury J, Amar M, Stein N, Goldstein LH, Saliba W. Effectiveness of Paxlovid in Reducing Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mortality in High-Risk Patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Feb 8;76(3):e342–e349. DOI:10.1093/cid/ciac443. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Mar 21;76(6):1158–1159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dryden-Peterson S., Kim A., Kim A.Y., Caniglia E.C., Lennes I.T., Patel R., Gainer L., Dutton L., Donahue E., Gandhi R.T., Baden L.R., Woolley A.E. Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Early COVID-19 in a Large U.S. Health System: A Population-Based Cohort Study // Ann. Intern. Med. – 2023. – Vol. 176, No. 1. – P. 77–84. DOI:10.7326/M22-2141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dryden-Peterson S, Kim A, Kim AY, Caniglia EC, Lennes IT, Patel R, Gainer L, Dutton L, Donahue E, Gandhi RT, Baden LR, Woolley AE. Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Early COVID-19 in a Large U.S. Health System: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2023 Jan;176(1):77–84. DOI:10.7326/M22-2141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan Y., Jiao B., Qu L., Yang D., Liu R. The development of COVID-19 treatment // Front. Immunol. – 2023. – Vol. 14. – Art. ID: 1125246. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125246</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuan Y, Jiao B, Qu L, Yang D, Liu R. The development of COVID-19 treatment. Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 26;14:1125246. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125246</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J.J., Dong X., Liu G.H., Gao Y.D. Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality // Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. – 2023. – Vol. 64, No. 1. – P. 90–107. DOI:10.1007/s12016-022-08921-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang JJ, Dong X, Liu GH, Gao YD. Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2023 Feb;64(1):90–107. DOI:10.1007/s12016-022-08921-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipsitch M., Krammer F., Regev-Yochay G., Lustig Y., Balicer R.D. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals: measurement, causes and impact // Nat. Rev. Immunol. – 2022. – Vol. 22, No. 1. – P. 57–65. DOI:10.1038/s41577-021-00662-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipsitch M, Krammer F, Regev-Yochay G, Lustig Y, Balicer RD. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals: measurement, causes and impact. Nat Rev Immunol. 2022 Jan;22(1):57–65. DOI:10.1038/s41577-021-00662-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reis S., Metzendorf M.I., Kuehn R., Popp M., Gagyor I., Kranke P., Meybohm P., Skoetz N., Weibel S. Nirmatrelvir combined with ritonavir for preventing and treating COVID-19 // Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. – 2022. – Vol. 9, No. 9. – Art. ID: CD015395. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD015395.pub2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reis S, Metzendorf MI, Kuehn R, Popp M, Gagyor I, Kranke P, Meybohm P, Skoetz N, Weibel S. Nirmatrelvir combined with ritonavir for preventing and treating COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Sep 20;9(9):CD015395. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD015395.pub2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Große-Michaelis I., Proestel S., Rao R.M., Dillman B.S., Bader-Weder S., Macdonald L., Gregory W. MedDRA Labeling Groupings to Improve Safety Communication in Product Labels // Ther. Innov. Regul. Sci. – 2023. – Vol. 57, No. 1. – P. 1–6. DOI:10.1007/s43441-022-00393-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Große-Michaelis I, Proestel S, Rao RM, Dillman BS, Bader-Weder S, Macdonald L, Gregory W. MedDRA Labeling Groupings to Improve Safety Communication in Product Labels. Ther Innov Regul Sci. 2023 Jan;57(1):1–6. DOI:10.1007/s43441-022-00393-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joyce R.P., Hu V.W., Wang J. The history, mechanism, and perspectives of nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332): an orally bioavailable main protease inhibitor used in combination with ritonavir to reduce COVID-19-related hospitalizations // Med. Chem. Res. – 2022. – Vol. 31, No. 10. – P. 1637–1646. DOI:10.1007/s00044-022-02951-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joyce RP, Hu VW, Wang J. The history, mechanism, and perspectives of nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332): an orally bioavailable main protease inhibitor used in combination with ritonavir to reduce COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Med Chem Res. 2022;31(10):1637-1646. DOI:10.1007/s00044-022-02951-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ullrich S., Nitsche C. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease as drug target // Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. – 2020. – Vol. 30, No. 17. – Art. ID: 127377. DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127377</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ullrich S, Nitsche C. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease as drug target. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2020 Sep 1;30(17):127377. DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127377</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eng H., Dantonio A.L., Kadar E.P., Obach R.S., Di L., Lin J., Patel N.C., Boras B., Walker G.S., Novak J.J., Kimoto E., Singh R.S.P., Kalgutkar A.S. Disposition of Nirmatrelvir, an Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3C-Like Protease, across Animals and Humans // Drug Metab. Dispos. – 2022. – Vol. 50, No. 5. – P. 576–590. DOI:10.1124/dmd.121.000801</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eng H, Dantonio AL, Kadar EP, Obach RS, Di L, Lin J, Patel NC, Boras B, Walker GS, Novak JJ, Kimoto E, Singh RSP, Kalgutkar AS. Disposition of Nirmatrelvir, an Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3C-Like Protease, across Animals and Humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2022 May;50(5):576–90. DOI:10.1124/dmd.121.000801</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loos N.H.C., Beijnen J.H., Schinkel A.H. The Mechanism-Based Inactivation of CYP3A4 by Ritonavir: What Mechanism? // Int. J. Mol. Sci. – 2022. – Vol. 23, No. 17. – Art. ID: 9866. DOI:10.3390/ijms23179866</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loos NHC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. The Mechanism-Based Inactivation of CYP3A4 by Ritonavir: What Mechanism? Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Aug 30;23(17):9866. DOI:10.3390/ijms23179866</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
