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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmedpharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармация и фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-9266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-2241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical Univer</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2307-9266-2023-11-3-211-227</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmedpharm-1354</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейропротективные свойства ГАМК и её производных при диабетической энцефалопатии у старых животных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neuroprotective properties of GABA and its derivatives in diabetic encephalopathy in old animals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-3923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюренков</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurenkov</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией фармакологии сердечно-сосудистых средств НЦИЛС ФГБОУ ВО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России, член-корреспондент РАН.</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Drugs, Scientific Center for Innovative Medicines of Volgograd State Medical University, Corresponding Member of RAS. </p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fibfuv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-3066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории фармакологии сердечно-сосудистых средств НЦИЛС ФГБОУ ВО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России. </p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Drugs, Scientific Center for Innovative Medicines of Volgograd State Medical University.</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mbfdoc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5351-6105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой патологической анатомии ФГБОУ ВО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Volgograd State Medical University.</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeysmirnov.volggmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-1441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Экова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekova</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры патологической анатомии ФГБОУ ВО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России, сотрудник лаборатории морфофармакологии ГБУ ВМНЦ.</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Volgograd State Medical University, employee of the laboratory of morphopharmacology of Volgograd Medical Research Center.</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria.ekova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бисинбекова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bisinbekova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор по специальности «Патологическая анатомия» ФГБОУ ВО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России; младший научный сотрудник ГБУ ВМНЦ</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>resident in the specialty “Pathological Anatomy”, Volgograd State Medical University; Junior Researcher of Volgograd Medical Research Center.</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aandm08@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-6186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снигур</surname><given-names>Г. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Snigur</surname><given-names>G. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой биологии ФГБОУ ВО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России; директор ГБУ ВМНЦ.</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Biology of Volgograd State Medical University; Head of Volgograd Medical Research Center. </p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sgrigoryl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2976-6352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Великородная</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Velikorodnaya</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заочный аспирант кафедры фармакологии и фармации ФГБОУ ВО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России; научный сотрудник лаборатории патоморфологии ГБУ ВМНЦ.</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>correspondence postgraduate student of the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy of Volgograd State Medical University; researcher of Laboratory of Pathomorphology of Volgograd Medical Research Center. </p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alta-u@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7119-3546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морковин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morkovin</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры фундаментальной медицины и биологии ФГБОУ ВО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России; заведующий лабораторией нейропсихофармакологии НЦИЛС ФГБОУ ВО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of Department of Fundamental Medicine and Biology of Scientific Center for Innovative Medicines of Volgograd State Medical University; Head of the Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Volgograd State Medical University.</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.i.morkovin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6783-1867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Верхоляк</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verkholyak</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры химии ФГБОУ ВО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>400131, Россия, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Chemistry of Volgograd State Medical University. </p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, Russia, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">verholyakdima@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-1580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории нитросоединений ФГБОУ ВО РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена.</p><p>191186, Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, Наб. р. Мойки, д. 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Chemistry), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Nitro Compounds of Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University.</p><p>48, Moika Embankment, St. Petersburg, Russia, 191186</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovasja@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>1. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.&#13;
2.Государственное бюджетное учреждение «Волгоградский медицинский научный центр».</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>1. Volgograd State Medical University.&#13;
2. Volgograd Medical Research Center.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А.И. Герцена»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>211</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тюренков И.Н., Бакулин Д.А., Смирнов А.В., Экова М.Р., Бисинбекова А.И., Снигур Г.Л., Великородная Ю.И., Морковин Д.В., Верхоляк Д.В., Васильева О.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тюренков И.Н., Бакулин Д.А., Смирнов А.В., Экова М.Р., Бисинбекова А.И., Снигур Г.Л., Великородная Ю.И., Морковин Д.В., Верхоляк Д.В., Васильева О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tyurenkov I.N., Bakulin D.A., Smirnov A.V., Ekova M.R., Bisinbekova A.I., Snigur G.L., Velikorodnaya Y.I., Morkovin E.I., Verkholyak D.V., Vasilyeva O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1354">https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1354</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить нейропротекторные свойства ГАМК и её структурных аналогов на старых животных после продолжительной гипергликемии (7 мес).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Сахарный диабет моделировали на белых аутбредных крысах-самцах в возрасте 12 мес посредством введения комбинации стрептозотоцина (65 мг/кг) и никотинамида (230 мг/кг). Через 6 мес для исследования были отобраны животные с уровнем постпрандиальной гликемии между 11 и 18 ммоль/л. После формирования групп, в течение 1 мес животные соответственно получали ГАМК и ГАМК-ергические соединения (композиция МФБА и ФПС), контрольная группа получала физиологический раствор. После лечения был выполнен пероральный тест на толерантность к глюкозе и комплекс поведенческих тестов, направленных на изучение сенсорно-моторных (Открытое поле, Адгезивный тест, Ротарод) и когнитивных функций (Распознавание нового объекта и Водный лабиринт Морриса), а также проведена оценка функционального состояния эндотелия. Далее был произведен забор образцов крови и тканей головного мозга (ГМ) для биохимического и иммуноферментного (уровень глюкагоноподобного пептида-1 (ГПП-1) и фактора некроза опухоли альфа (ФНО-α) в сыворотке и уровень белка Клото, BDNF, Nrf2, NF-κB и малонового диальдегида (МДА) в гомогенатах ГМ), а также для морфологического анализа изменений нейронов СА1 и СА3 зон гиппокампа и соматосенсорной коры.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. ГАМК и композиции с её производными оказали выраженное нейропротекторное действие у старых животных с продолжительной гипергликемией. Гипогликемическое действие исследуемых композиций сопровождалось повышением продукции ГПП-1. У животных с СД после 6 нед введения исследуемых веществ регистрировали более высокие показатели сенсорно-моторных и когнитивных функций и меньшие структурные повреждения сенсорно-моторной коры и гиппокампа головного мозга. Эти эффекты могут быть обусловлены более высоким уровнем белка Клото, Nrf2 и BDNF, а также более низким уровнем NF-κB, что может лежать в основе подавления окислительного стресса, снижения МДА и воспаления (TNF-α).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. ГАМК и её композиции у старых животных (19 мес) после 6 нед введения значительно улучшали сенсорно-моторные и когнитивные функции, уменьшали негативные структурные изменения в гиппокампе и соматосенсорный коре ГМ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work was to evaluate the GABA neuroprotective properties and its structural analogues in old animals after seven months of hyperglycemia.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Diabetes mellitus was modeled in white outbred male rats (12 months old) by the administration of a streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) combination. After 6 months, the animals with a postprandial glycemia level between 11 and 18 mmol/l were selected for the study. After the groups had been formed, the animals were administrated with GABA and GABAergic compounds (Compositions МРВАand PPC), respectively, for 1 month, the control group animals were administrated with saline. After the treatment, an oral glucose tolerance test and a set of behavioral tests aimed at studying sensory-motor (Open Field, Adhesion test, Rotarod) and cognitive functions (New Object Recognition and Morris Water Maze), as well as the functional state evaluation of the endothelium were performed. Further on, sampling of blood and brain tissues for a biochemical and enzyme immunoassay (the level of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and TNF-α in serum and the level of Klotho protein, BDNF, Nrf2, NF-κB and malondialdehyd (MDA) in brain homogenates), as well as a morphological analysis of changes in CA1 and CA3 neurons of the hippocampus and somatosensory cortex, was carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. GABA and compositions with its derivatives had a pronounced neuroprotective effect in old animals with prolonged hyperglycemia. The hypoglycemic effect of the studied compositions was accompanied by an increase in the production of GLP-1. In the animals with DM, after 6 weeks of the test substances administration, higher rates of sensory-motor and cognitive functions and a less structural damage to the sensory-motor cortex and the brain hippocampus were recorded. These effects may be due to higher levels of the Klotho proteins, Nrf2 and BDNF, as well as lower levels of NF-κB, which may underlie the suppression of the oxidative stress, the reduction of MDA and inflammation (TNF-α).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. After 6 weeks of the administration, GABA and its compositions in old animals (19 months old) significantly improved sensory-motor and cognitive functions, reduced negative structural changes in the hippocampus and somatosensory cerebral cortex.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ГАМК</kwd><kwd>белок Клото</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>стрептозотоцин</kwd><kwd>NF-kB</kwd><kwd>Nrf2</kwd><kwd>ГПП-1</kwd><kwd>эндотелий</kwd><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>GABA</kwd><kwd>Klotho protein</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>streptozotocin</kwd><kwd>NF-kB</kwd><kwd>Nrf2</kwd><kwd>GLP-1</kwd><kwd>endothelium</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Гранта РНФ от 19.04.2021 № 21-15-00192.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the RSF Grant No. 21-15-00192 dated April 19, 2021.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magliano D.J., Boyko E.J. 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