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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmedpharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармация и фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-9266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-2241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical Univer</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2307-9266-2024-12-1-63-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmedpharm-1451</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние исследователя на оценку мышечной силы у животных в эксперименте: сравнение автоматизированного теста «перевернутая сетка» и его классического варианта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigator’s influence on the muscle strength assessment in animals in experiment: Comparison of automated “inverted grid” test and its classical variant</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9102-3360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>П. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>P. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетических технологий и генного редактирования для биомедицины и ветеринарии ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет». </p><p>308015, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher of the Laboratory of Genetic Technologies and Gene Editing for Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University. </p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Artkelt98@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2425-5027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузубова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzubova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетических технологий и генного редактирования для биомедицины и ветеринарии ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет». </p><p>308015, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher of the Laboratory of Genetic Technologies and Gene Editing for Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University. </p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1015artek1015@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-3376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покровский</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokrovsky</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры фармакологии и клинической фармакологии ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет».</p><p>308015, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>assistant of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Belgorod State National Research University.</p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pokrovskiy@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4554-2116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радченко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radchenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетических технологий и генного редактирования для биомедицины и ветеринарии ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет».</p><p>308015, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher of the Laboratory of Genetic Technologies and Gene Editing for Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University. </p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sandrinkaradchenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4837-3507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипьян</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipyan</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь лаборатории генетических технологий и генного редактирования для биомедицины и ветеринарии ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет». </p><p>308015, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher of the Laboratory of Genetic Technologies and Gene Editing for Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University. </p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osipyansergey23@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-7326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степенко</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepenko</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетических технологий и генного редактирования для биомедицины и ветеринарии ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет». </p><p>308015, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher of the Laboratory of the Laboratory of Genetic Technologies and Gene Editing for Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University. </p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">julia.v.stepenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3290-2917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апостол</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apostol</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь лаборатории генетических технологий и генного редактирования для биомедицины и ветеринарии ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет».</p><p>308015, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher of the Laboratory of Genetic Technologies and Gene Editing for Biomedicine And Veterinary Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University. </p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alinakum835@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-8712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даниленко</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilenko</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор фармацевтических наук, профессор кафедры фармакологии и клинической фармакологии ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет». </p><p>308015, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Pharmacy), Professor of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Belgorod State National Research University. </p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danilenko_l@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2798-513X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Должиков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolzhikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет». </p><p>308015, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Belgorod State National Research University. </p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolzhikov@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-5368</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покровская</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokrovskaya</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры фармакологии и клинической фармакологии ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет». </p><p>308015, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Belgorod State National Research University.</p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pokrovskaia@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-000X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудырев</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudyrev</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры фармакологии и клинической фармакологии ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет». </p><p>308015, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Belgorod State National Research University. </p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gudyrev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8167-5666</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергина</surname><given-names>Я. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergina</surname><given-names>Ya. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>учебно-медицинский эксперт ОГБУЗ «Белгородское бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы». </p><p>308017, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Волчанская, д. 159.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>medical expert at Belgorod Office Chief Medical Examiners. </p><p>159, Volchanskaya Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308017.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yana5568@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8949-5058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудникова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudnikova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>учебно-медицинский эксперт ОГБУЗ «Белгородское бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы». </p><p>308017, Россия, г. Белгород, ул. Волчанская, д. 159.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>medical expert at Belgorod Office Chief Medical Examiners. </p><p>159, Volchanskaya Str., Belgorod, Russia, 308017.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Olenka_Normanskikh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет».</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod State National Research University (BSU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Областное государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Белгородское бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod Office Chief Medical Examiners</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лебедев П.Р., Кузубова Е.В., Покровский В.М., Радченко А.И., Осипьян С.И., Степенко Ю.В., Апостол А.А., Даниленко Л.М., Должиков А.А., Покровская Т.Г., Гудырев О.С., Кочергина Я.С., Дудникова О.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедев П.Р., Кузубова Е.В., Покровский В.М., Радченко А.И., Осипьян С.И., Степенко Ю.В., Апостол А.А., Даниленко Л.М., Должиков А.А., Покровская Т.Г., Гудырев О.С., Кочергина Я.С., Дудникова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebedev P.R., Kuzubova E.V., Pokrovsky V.M., Radchenko A.I., Osipyan S.I., Stepenko Y.V., Apostol A.A., Danilenko L.M., Dolzhikov A.A., Pokrovskaya T.G., Gudyrev O.S., Kochergina Y.S., Dudnikova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1451">https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/1451</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить влияние исследователя на оценку мышечной силы у животных в эксперименте на примере сравнения результатов автоматизированного теста «перевернутая сетка» и его классического варианта.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для исследования были выбраны самцы линий (Bla/J, n=20; FUS(1-359), n=20; Tau P301S+/+, n=20) и их фоновый контроль (C57BL/6J, n=20; СD1, n=20). Динамику изменения мышечного дефицита животных оценивали в автоматизированном и классическом варианте теста «перевернутая сетка».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам оценки мышечной силы мышей с редактированным геномом линий: FUS(1-359)+/-, Tau P301S+/+ , B6.ADysfprmd/GeneJ при помощи теста «перевернутая сетка» в классическом варианте и автоматизированном было установлено, что статистически значимых различий в сравнении с результатами, полученными при проведении классического варианта теста, получено не было. Стандартная ошибка среднего возрастала в классическом тесте по сравнению с автоматизированным на 23–39%. Было показано, что стандартная ошибка среднего в классическом варианте теста на мышах линии Tau P301S+/+ составила 6,24; 5,94; 5,88; 7,38 в 4-х возрастных точках; на мышах линии FUS(1-359) +/- – 4,49; 6,8; 6,98 и 4,1; B6.ADysfprmd/GeneJ – 7,66; 7,58; 8,3 и 7,92 соответственно. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, значение стандартной ошибки среднего результатов исследования динамики изменения мышечной силы при использовании автоматизированного варианта теста «перевернутая сетка» было снижено в сравнении с результатами проведения классического варианта теста. Результаты исследования показывают, что автоматизация общепризнанных поведенческих тестов способна повысить точность получаемых данных снизив влияние человеческого фактора на проведение манипуляции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work was to study the influence of the researcher on the muscle strength assessment in animals in the experiment by comparing the results of the automated “inverted grid” test and its classical variant.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Male lines (Bla/J, n=20; FUS(1-359), n=20; Tau P301S+/+, n=20) and their background controls (C57BL/6J, n=20; CD1, n=20) were selected for the study. The dynamics of changes in the muscle deficit of the animals was evaluated in the automated and classical variant of the “inverted grid” test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to the results of the muscle strength assessment of mice with an edited genome of lines FUS(1-359)+/-, Tau P301S+/+, B6.ADysfprmd/GeneJ, using the “inverted grid” test in the classical variant and the automated one, it was found that statistically significant differences were not obtained in comparison with the results obtained by the classical variant of the test. The standard error of the mean increases by 23–39% in the classical test compared to the automated one. It was shown that the standard error of the mean in the classical variant of the test in Tau P301S+/+ mice was 6.24; 5.94; 5.88; 7.38 at 4 age points; in FUS(1-359)+/- mice, 4.49; 6.8; 6.98 and 4.1; B6.ADysfprmd/GeneJ mice, 7.66; 7.58; 8.3 and 7.92, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, the value of the standard error of the results study mean of the changes dynamics in the muscle strength when using the automated variant of the “inverted grid” test was reduced in comparison with the results of the classical variant of the test. The results of the study show that the automation of generally recognized behavioral tests is able to increase the accuracy of the obtained data reducing the influence of a human factor on the manipulation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«перевернутая сетка»</kwd><kwd>автоматизация</kwd><kwd>поведенческое тестирование</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>трансгенные животные</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>“inverted grid”</kwd><kwd>automation</kwd><kwd>behavioral testing</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>transgenic animals</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа была поддержана Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, соглашение № 075-15-2021-1346. Разработка автоматизированной системы проводилась при финансовой поддержке Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации, соглашение № FZWG-2021-0016.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Agreement No. 075-15-2021-1346. The development of the automated system was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Agreement No. FZWG-2021-0016.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peirson S.N., Brown L.A., Pothecary C.A., Benson L.A., Fisk A.S. Light and the laboratory mouse // J Neurosci Methods. – 2018. – Vo . 300. – P. 26–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.04.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peirson SN, Brown LA, Pothecary CA, Benson LA, Fisk AS. 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