pmedpharmФармация и фармакологияPharmacy & Pharmacology2307-92662413-2241Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical Univer10.19163/2307-9266-2016-4-4-4-33pmedpharm-210Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ, ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS, LECTURESБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ ПОЛЫНИ ОДНОЛЕТНЕЙ. ЭФИРНОЕ МАСЛОBIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ARTEMISIA ANNUA. ESSENTIAL OILКоноваловД. А.KonovalovD. A.

Коновалов Дмитрий Алексеевич – доктор фармацевтических наук, профессор

d.a.konovalov@pmedpharm.ruХамилоновА. А.KhamilonovA. A.spartan400@yandex.ruПятигорский медико-фармацевтический институт - филиал ВолгГМУ Минздрава РоссииРоссияPyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation20161309201644433Copyright © Коновалов Д.А., Хамилонов А.А., 20162016Коновалов Д.А., Хамилонов А.А.Konovalov D.A., Khamilonov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/210

Полынь однолетняя  (Artemisia  annua L.) – травянистое однолетнее растение, используемое в народной медицине Китая более двух тысяч лет. В 70-х годах 20 века из надземной части этого вида был выделен  сесквитерпеновый лактон  артемизинин. На сегодняшний день это самое эффективное среди известных  природных и синтетических соединений лекарственное средство для лечения малярии. Целью исследования явился обзор информации, содержащейся в открытых источниках, о компонентном составе эфирного масла полыни однолетней и спектре его фармакологической активности. Методы. Исследование проводилось с использованием информационно-поисковых (PubMed,   ScholarGoogle), библиотечных баз данных (eLibrary, Cyberleninca), а также результатов собственных исследований. Результаты.  Установлено, что кроме сесквитерпеновых лактонов надземная часть полыни однолетней содержит значительное  количество  эфирного масла. Эфирное масло растения содержит  более 120 компонентов, относящихся к различным классам природных соединений. Изучение динамики накопления эфирного масла в траве полыни однолетней пока зало, что в фазу бутонизации содержание масла в траве значительно возрастает, достигая максимального значения в фазу цветения. При дальнейшем развитии растения происходит одревеснение стеблей (особенно в нижней части) и содержание эфирного масла в них снижается. Качественный состав и количественное содержание отдельных компонентов варьирует в зависимости от эколого-географических факторов, фазы развития растений, технологии выращивания, способа сушки и т.д. Известные фармакологические исследования эфирного масла полыни однолетней характеризуют его как перспективный источник для разработки новых антимикробных лекарственных средств. К тому же, как показали проведённые исследования, по токсичности оно может быть отнесено к 6 классу по классификации К.  Сидорова –  «относительно безвредные вещества». Заключение.  Проведенный нами  анализ,  имеющихся в  открытом  информационном доступе, материалов по изучению эфирного масла полыни однолетней, а также результаты собственных исследований, в том числе фитохимических, позволяют характеризовать эфирное масло полыни однолетней  как перспективный источник для разработки новых антимикробных лекарственных средств.

Artemisia annua is a herblike annual plant which has been used in Chinese folk medicine for more than 2,000 years. In 1970-s sesquiterpenic lactone of artemisinin was isolated from the above-ground part of this plant. Today it is the most efficient known natural and synthetic compound for malaria treatment. The purpose of the study was to review the data from the open sources about a component composition of Artemisia annua essential oil in the spectrum of its pharmacological activity. Methods. The study was carried out using information and searching sources (PubMed, ScholarGoogle), library data bases (eLibrary, Cyberleninca), as well as the results of our studies. Results. We have established that aboveground part of Artemisia annua have a significant amount  of essential oil apart from the sesquiterpene lactones. Essential oil contains more than 120 components, which belong to different classes of natural compounds. The study for dynamics of the essential oil accumulation in the Artemisia annua herb showed that the amount of oil in the herb rises significantly during budding, reaching maximum value in blossom. Qualitative composition and quantitative content of certain components varies depending on ecological and  geographical factors,  plant growing phase, cultivation technology, drying methods etc. Well-known pharmacological studies of essential oil of the Artemisia annua characterize it as a prospective source for the development of new antimicrobial medicinal drugs. Besides, as the studies shown, it can be related to the 6 class according to K. Sidorov’s classification – “relatively non-hazardous substances”. Conclusion. The analysis of the open sources on the study of essential oil of Artemisia annua made by us, as well as the results of our own studies, including phytochemical studies allow characterizing the essential oil of Artemisia annua as a prospective source for the working out of new antimicrobial drugs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.