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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmedpharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармация и фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-9266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-2241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical Univer</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2307-9266-2014-2-4(5)-23-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmedpharm-39</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ, ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS, LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРИРОДНЫЕ ПОЛИАЦЕТИЛЕНОВЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NATURAL POLYACETYLENE COMPOUNDS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор фармацевтических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой фармакогнозии Пятигорского медико-фармацевтического института – филиала ГБОУ ВПО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России. Область научных интересов: фитохимия, химия природных соединений, хемотаксономия.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">konovalov_da@pochta.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пятигорский медико-фармацевтический институт – филиал ГБОУ ВПО ВолгГМУ Минздрава России, г. Пятигорск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute-a branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Pyatigorsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4(5)</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коновалов Д.А., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коновалов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Konovalov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/39">https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/39</self-uri><abstract><p>Природными полиацетиленами (полиинами) называют соединения, содержащие в своей структуре две или более тройные связи. В 24 семействах высших растений идентифицированы около 2000 различных полиацетиленов и биогенетически связанных веществ. Однако большинство этих соединений обнаружены в семи семействах цветковых растений: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), Araliaceae, Asteraceae (Compositae), Campanulaceae, Olacaceae, Pittosporaceae и Santalaceae. Полиацетилены являются относительно нестабильными, химически и биологически активными соединениями и кроме растений присутствуют в грибах, микроорганизмах, морских беспозвоночных и других организмах. Ацетилены формируют отчетливую специализированную группу химически активных природных соединений, которые биосинтезируются в растениях из ненасыщенных жирных кислот. Кроме широко распространенных алифатических полиацетиленов, в видах растений обнаружены также тиофены, дитиациклогексадиены (тиарубрины), тиоэфиры, сульфоксиды, сульфоны, алкамиды, хлорогидрины, лактоны, спироацеталь енольные эфиры, фураны, пираны, тетрагидропираны, изокумарины, ароматические ацетилены. Полиацетилены локализуются в различных органах растений, встречаясь как в индивидуальном виде, так и в соединении c углеводами, терпеновыми, фенольными и другими соединениями. Многие полиацетилены обнаружены в составе эфирных масел растений и это подтверждает их ярко выраженные экологические функции. С биологической точки зрения эти соединения чаще всего синтезируются растениями как токсичные или горькие антифиданты, аллелопатические соединения, фитоалексины или в широком смысле антибиотические компоненты. Полиины являются сильными фотосенсибилизаторами, проявляют противовоспалительную, антикоагулянтную, антибактериальную, противотуберкулезную, противогрибковую, противовирусную, нейрозащитную и нейротоксическую активности. Установлено и иммуностимулирующее влияние, связанное с определенной аллергенностью некоторых из этих веществ. Поэтому без сомнения полиацетилены представляют интерес для современной фармации и медицины.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Polyacetylenes (polyynes) are compounds which contain two or more triple bonds in its structure. About 2 000 different polyacetylenes and biogenetically related substances were identified in 24 families of higher plants. However, most of these compounds were found in seven families of flowering plants: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), Araliaceae, Asteraceae (Compositae), Campanulaceae, Olacaceae, Pittosporaceae and Santalaceae. Polyacetylenes are relatively unstable, chemically and biologically active compounds, and present in fungi, microorganisms, marine invertebrates and other organisms except for plants. Acetylenes form distinct specialized group of chemically active natural compounds, which are biosynthesized in plants of unsaturated fatty acids. In addition to widespread aliphatic polyacetylenes thiophenes dithiacyclohexadienes (thiarubrines), thioethers, sulphoxides, sulphones, alkamides, chlorohydrins, lactones, spiroacetal enol ethers, furans, pyrans, tetrahydropyrans, isocoumarins, aromatic acetylenes were also found in plant species. Polyacetylenes are localized in different plant organs, and can be found both individually and as a compound with carbohydrates, terpene, phenolic and other compounds. Many polyacetylenes are found in the composition of the essential oils of plants and it confirms their strongly marked ecological functions. From biological point of view these compounds are often synthesized by plants as toxic or bitter antifeedants, allelopathic compounds, phytoalexins or broadly antibiotic components. Polyynes are strong photosensitizers. They exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-bacterial, antituberculosis, anti-fungal, anti-viral, neuroprotective and neurotoxic activity. Immunostimulatory influence associated with certain allergenicity of some of these substances was established. Therefore, without a doubt polyacetylenes are of interest for the modern pharmacy and medicine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиацетилены</kwd><kwd>полиины</kwd><kwd>биологическая активность</kwd><kwd>Asteraceae</kwd><kwd>Apiaceae.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polyacetylenes</kwd><kwd>polyynes</kwd><kwd>biological activity</kwd><kwd>Asteraceae</kwd><kwd>Apiaceae</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антимикробные свойства эфирного масла и его компонентов из Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. / В.В.Адгина, С.А.Вичканова, Б.В.Белякова и др.// Фитонциды. 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