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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmedpharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармация и фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-9266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-2241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical Univer</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-316-324</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmedpharm-739</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ В ТЕРАПИИ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ ФОРМ COVID-19 НА ОСНОВАНИИ МЕТОДИК АТРИБУТИВНОЙ СТАТИСТИКИ И АНАЛИЗА МЕЖЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DRUG EFFICACY IN THE TREATMENT FOR COVID-19 SEVERE FORMS, BASED ON ATTRIBUTE-BASED STATISTIC METHODS AND ANALYSIS OF DRUG INTERACTIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6454-1346</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жукова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жукова Ольга Вячеславовна – кандидат фармацевтических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой фармацевтической химии и фармакогнозии </p><p>603950, г. Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Zhukova – Candidate of Sciences (Pharmacy), Associate Professor, the Head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy </p><p>10/1, Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ov-zhukova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2139-6847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каграманян</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kagramanyan</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каграманян Игорь Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор Института лидерства и управления здравоохранением</p><p>19991, г. Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor N. Kagramanyan – Doctor Sciences of (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor of the Institute of Leadership in Healthcare </p><p>Bld. 4, 2, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">orgzdrav21@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0032-0341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хохлов Александр Леонидович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и этики применения лекарств ЮНЕСКО </p><p>150000, Ярославская область, г. Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr L. Khokhlov – Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Ethics of the Use of Medicines at UNESCO </p><p>5, Revolyutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl region, 150000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al460935@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>316</fpage><lpage>324</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жукова О.В., Каграманян И.Н., Хохлов А.Л., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жукова О.В., Каграманян И.Н., Хохлов А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhukova O.V., Kagramanyan I.N., Khokhlov A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/739">https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/739</self-uri><abstract><p>Тяжелые и критические формы COVID-19 сопровождаются развитием «цитокинового шторма», который характеризуется повышенной секрецией провоспалительных цитокинов. Поэтому одной из ведущих стратегий лечения пациентов с тяжелыми формами COVID-19 является снижение концентрации провоспалительных цитокинов и нивелирование их действия на организм пациента. Среди лекарственных препаратов, направленных на снижение концентрации провоспалительных цитокинов, нашли применение при COVID-19 ингибиторы ИЛ-6, ИЛ-1, ингибиторы JAK и системные глюкокортикостероиды. Все эти лекарственные препараты в настоящее время назначаются off-label.</p><p>Цель – сравнительный анализ по данным литературных источников, представленных в PubMed, клинической эффективности и безопасности использования ингибиторов ИЛ-6, ИЛ-1, JAK и системных глюкокортикостероидов в терапии тяжелых форм COVID-19.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p> Материалы и методы. Материалами для проведения сравнительного анализа послужили данные литературных источников в системе PubMed, посвященные исследованиям использования системного глюкокортикостероида дексаметазона, ингибитора ИЛ-6 тоцилизумаба, ингибитора ИЛ-1 анакинры и ингибитора JAK – руксолинитиб в терапии тяжелых форм COVID-19. Анализ проводили путем статистической оценки влияния лекарственных препаратов на показатель выживаемости в течение 28 дней среди пациентов с тяжелым течением COVID-19. В качестве статистического инструмента были использованы методики атрибутивной статистики. Оценку безопасности использования лекарственных препаратов проводили путем анализа потенциальных лекарственных взаимодействий. Информацию о потенциальных взаимодействиях лекарственных препаратов получали на специализированном сайте – Drugs.com. Knowmore. Besure (https://www.drugs.com/interaction/list/).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе проведенного анализа установлено, что наибольшие показатели эффективности имеет тоцилизумаб, далее следует дексаметазон. Показатель атрибутивной эффективности и значения 95% доверительный интервал для обоих лекарственных препаратов оказался статистически значимым. Показатели относительной и популяционной атрибутивной эффективностей также выше для тоцилизумаба, однако, 95% доверительный интервал этих показателей попадают в область статистически незначимых значений, что требует дополнительных подтверждений их эффективности. Согласно полученным данным, эффективность использования тоцилизумаба выше эффективности других сравниваемых лекарственных препаратов. NNT (дексаметазон) – 32; NNT (тоцилизумаб) – 4, NNT (руксолитиниб) – 7; NNT (анакинра) – 35.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выбор лекарственного препарата должен осуществляться исходя из состояния пациента, сопутствующих заболеваний и используемых в терапии лекарственных препаратов с целью минимизации риска нежелательных межлекарственных взаимодействий. Для ингибитора ИЛ-1 анакинры на фоне самой низкой эффективности среди сравниваемых лекарственных препаратов установлена высокая эффективность для пациентов с сопутствующими гепатобилиарными расстройствами и ДВС-синдромом, что делает ее препаратом выбора среди пациентов с данными состояниями и заболеваниями при развитии «цитокинового шторма».</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Severe and critical forms of COVID-19 are beset by the development of “a cytokine storm”, which is characterized by an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, one of the leading strategies for treating patients with severe forms of COVID-19 is the reduction of concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and leveling out their effect on the patient. Among the drugs aimed at reducing the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, JAK inhibitors and systemic glucocorticosteroids have been found useful in COVID-19. All of these drugs are currently prescribed off-label.</p><p>The aim of the work is a comparative analysis of the data from the literature sources in the PubMed system, devoted to the clinical efficacy and safety of IL-6, IL-1, JAK inhibitors and systemic glucocorticosteroids in the treatment for severe forms of COVID-19.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In the treatment for severe forms of COVID-19, materials for the comparative analysis were the data from the literature sources in the PubMed system, on the studies devoted to the use of the systemic glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone, IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab, IL-1 inhibitor anakinra, and JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib. The analysis was performed by statistical evaluation of the drugs effect within the 28-day survival rate among the patients with severe COVID-19. Attributive statistics was used as a statistical tool. The safety of the drug use was assessed by analyzing potential drug interactions. The information about potential drug interactions, was obtained from a specialized website – Drugs.com. Knowmore. Besure (https://www.drugs.com/interaction/list/).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As a result of the analysis, it has been established that tocilizumab has the highest efficacy rates. In this respect, it is followed by dexamethasone. The attributive efficacy rates and 95% confidence interval values for the both drugs were statistically significant. The indices of relative and population attributive kinds of efficacy, were also higher for tocilizumab, but a 95% confidence interval of these indices, get into the range of statistically insignificant values, requiring additional evidence of their efficacy. According to the data obtained, tocilizumab efficacy is higher than that of the other drugs compared: NNT (dexamethasone) – 32; NNT (tocilizumab) – 4, NNT (ruxolitinib) – 7; NNT (anakinra) – 35.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The choice of a drug should be based on the patient’s condition, comorbidities, and medications used in therapy to minimize the risk of undesirable drug interactions. Against the background of the lowest efficacy among the compared drugs, a high efficacy for the patients with concomitant hepatobiliary disorders and DIC syndrome, has been established for the inhibitor IL-1 anakinra, which makes it the drug of choice among the patients with these diseases and under these conditions in the development of “a cytokine storm”.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжелые формы COVID-19</kwd><kwd>системный глюкокортикостерод</kwd><kwd>ингибитор ИЛ-6</kwd><kwd>ингибитор ИЛ-1</kwd><kwd>ингибитора JAK</kwd><kwd>«цитокиновый шторм»</kwd><kwd>атрибутивная статистика</kwd><kwd>межлекарственные взаимодействия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>severe forms of COVID-19</kwd><kwd>systemic glucocorticosteroid</kwd><kwd>IL-6 inhibitor</kwd><kwd>IL-1 inhibitor</kwd><kwd>JAK-inhibitor</kwd><kwd>“cytokine storm”</kwd><kwd>attributive statistics</kwd><kwd>drug interactions</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа не имела финансирования от сторонних организаций</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work did not have funding from outside organizations.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang X., Wei F., Hu L., Wen L., Chen K. 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