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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmedpharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармация и фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-9266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-2241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical Univer</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2307-9266-2021-9-2-104-113</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmedpharm-828</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОГНОЗИЯ, БОТАНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOGNOSY, BOTANY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АНТИМИКРОБНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ВОДНО-СПИРТОВЫХ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЙ ЛИСТЬЕВ И ПОЧЕК ДУБА ЧЕРЕШЧАТОГО (QUERCUS ROBUR L.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF WATER-ETHANOLIC EXTRACTIONS FROM QUERCUS ROBUR L. LEAVES AND BUDS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-953X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры фармакогнозии с ботаникой и основами фитотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student of the Department of Pharmacognosy with Botany and the basics of Phytotherapy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryabov.nikolay.2014@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8399-9328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат фармацевтических наук, доцент кафедры фармакогнозии с ботаникой и основами фитотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Pharmacy), Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy with Botany and the basics of Phytotherapy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lavr_rvm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7513-9352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куркин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurkin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор фармацевтических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой фармакогнозии с ботаникой и основами фитотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Pharmacy), Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacognosy with Botany and the basics of Phytotherapy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurkinvladimir@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9358-4436</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колпакова</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolpakova</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor of the Department of General and Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Allergology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Sdkolpakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-830X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жестков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhestkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Head of the Department of General and Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Allergology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avzhestkov2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-1895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лямин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyamin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of General and Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Allergology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avlyamin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации&#13;
443099, Россия, г. Самара, ул. Чапаевская, 89</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University&#13;
89, Chapaevskaya Str., Samara, Russia, 443099</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>113</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рябов Н.А., Рыжов М.В., Куркин В.А., Колпакова С.Д., Жестков А.В., Лямин А.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рябов Н.А., Рыжов М.В., Куркин В.А., Колпакова С.Д., Жестков А.В., Лямин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryabov N.A., Ryzhov V.M., Kurkin V.A., Kolpakova S.D., Zhestkov A.V., Lyamin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/828">https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/828</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблема поиска новых противомикробных препаратов на основе лекарственного растительного сырья в современной фармацевтической практике является по-прежнему актуальной. Интерес представляют растительные объекты, обладающие антимикробным действием благодаря содержанию в них комплекса биологически активных веществ. Дуб черешчатый – Quercus robur L. является перспективным растительным объектом, лекарственное растительное сырье которого может быть использовано при разработке новых антимикробных препаратов.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проведение скрининга антимикробной активности водно-спиртовых извлечений листьев и почек дуба черешчатого.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Определение минимальной ингибирующей концентрации проводилось методом двойных серийных разведений в питательном бульоне Мюллера-Хинтона (Bio-Rad, США). В качестве тестовых культур были использованы штаммы микроорганизмов Американской коллекции типовых культур (АТСС): Staphylococcus aureus (АТСС 29213), Escherichia coli (АТСС 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (АТСС 27853), а также Candida albicans (клинический штамм). Инкубацию проводили при температуре 35°С в течение 24 часов. Параллельно проводился опыт для постановки «отрицательного» контроля. Оценку результатов проводили визуально по наличию/отсутствию роста микроорганизмов в пробирках с соответствующими разведениями исследуемых образцов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе проведенного исследования установлено, что водно-спиртовые извлечения листьев дуба черешчатого оказывают наибольший антимикробный эффект в отношении штаммов Staphylococcus aureus и Escherichia coli. Водно-спиртовые извлечения почек дуба черешчатого проявляют выраженную антимикробную активность в отношении штаммов Pseudomonas aeruginosa и Candida albicans.</p><p>Выявлено, что препарат настойка листьев дуба черешчатого в соотношении «сырье – экстрагент» (1:5) обладает выраженным антимикробным эффектом на штаммы Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, а при большей кратности разведения на штаммы Escherichia coli и Candida albicans. Препарат настойка почек дуба черешчатого в соотношении «сырье – экстрагент» (1:5) обладает выраженным антимикробным эффектом в отношении штаммов микроорганизмов Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli и Candida albicans при восьмикратном разведении. В отношении штаммов Pseudomonas aeruginosa антимикробная активность наблюдалась при 16 кратном разведении. Максимально выраженный антимикробный эффект был зафиксирован в отношении штамма Candida albicans при 32 кратном разведении.</p><p>В результате проведенного исследования можно сделать вывод о том, что для получения противомикробных препаратов – настойки листьев и почек дуба черешчатого, целесообразно использовать в качестве оптимального экстрагента спирт 70% в соотношении «сырье – экстрагент» (1:5). При данных параметрах экстракции отмечается наибольший антимикробный эффект в отношении изучаемых штаммов микроорганизмов. Также спирт 70% обладает лучшей проникающей способностью в глубокие слои эпидермиса по сравнению с более высокими концентрациями.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты скринингового анализа антимикробной активности будут использованы в качестве обоснования для внедрения антимикробных препаратов на основе листьев и почек дуба черешчатого в медицинскую и фармацевтическую практику.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of finding new antimicrobial drugs based on medicinal plant raw materials in modern pharmaceutical practice, is still relevant. There are interesting plant objects that have an antimicrobial action due to the content of a complex of biologically active substances in them. Quercus robur L. is a promising plant object, medicinal plant raw materials of which can be used for the development of new antimicrobial drugs.</p><p>The aim of the study is screening of the antimicrobial activity of water-ethanolic extractions from Quercus robur L leaves and buds.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration was carried out by the method of double serial dilutions in Mueller-Hinton nutrient broth (Bio-Rad, USA). As test cultures, strains of microorganisms of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) were used: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), as well as Candida albicans (a clinical strain). The incubation was carried out at the temperature of 35°C for 24 hours. Simultaneously, an experiment was carried out to establish a "negative" control. The results were assessed visually by the presence / absence of the growth of microorganisms in test tubes with the corresponding dilutions of the test samples.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the course of the study, it was found out that water-ethanolic extractions of Quercus robur L. leaves have the greatest antimicrobial effect against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The water-ethanolic extractions of Quercus robur L. buds exhibit a pronounced antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans strains.</p><p>It was revealed that the preparation of Quercus robur L. leaves tincture in the raw material:extractant ratio of 1:5 has a pronounced antimicrobial effect on the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and with a higher multiplicity of dilution - on the strains of Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The drug tincture of Quercus robur L. buds in the raw material:extractant ratio of 1:5 has a pronounced antimicrobial effect on the strains of microorganisms P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans in an eight-fold dilution. With respect to P. aeruginosa strains, antimicrobial activity was observed in 16-fold dilutions. The most pronounced antimicrobial effect was recorded against the C. albicans strain in a 32-fold dilution.</p><p>As a result of the study, it can be concluded that to obtain the antimicrobial drugs - tincture of Quercus robur L. leaves and buds - is advisable to use the optimal extractant – 70% alcohol in a raw material:extractant ratio of 1:5. With these parameters of extraction, the greatest antimicrobial effect is observed in relation to the studied strains of the microorganisms. 70% alcohol has also a better penetrating ability into the deep layers of the epidermis in comparison with higher concentrations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of the screening analysis of the antimicrobial activity will be used as a justification for the introduction of antimicrobial drugs based on the leaves and buds of the Quercus robur L. in a medical and pharmaceutical practice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Дуб черешчатый</kwd><kwd>Quercus robur L.</kwd><kwd>листья</kwd><kwd>почки</kwd><kwd>водно-спиртовые извлечения</kwd><kwd>настойка</kwd><kwd>минимальная ингибирующая концентрация</kwd><kwd>антимикробная активность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>English oak</kwd><kwd>Quercus robur L.</kwd><kwd>leaves</kwd><kwd>buds</kwd><kwd>water-ethanolic extractions</kwd><kwd>tincture</kwd><kwd>minimum inhibitory concentration</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial activity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данное исследование не имело какой-либо поддержки от сторонних организаций.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dasgupta А., Krasowski M.D. Chapter 10 - Therapeutic drug monitoring of antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral agents, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data (Fourth Edition), Academic Press. - 2020. – P.159-197. 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