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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmedpharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармация и фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-9266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-2241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - branch of Volgograd State Medical Univer</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2307-9266-2021-9-6-485-494</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmedpharm-976</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ ГЛИПРОЛИНОВ НА УРОВЕНЬ АПОПТОТИЧЕСКИХ И НЕЙРОТРОФИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ «СОЦИАЛЬНОГО» СТРЕССА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EFFECT OF GLYPROLINES ON THE LEVEL OF APOPTOTIC AND NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS UNDER CONDITIONS OF “SOCIAL” STRESS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2998-2864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ясенявская</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yasenyavskaya</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, руководитель Научно-исследовательского центра, доцент кафедры фармакогнозии, фармацевтической технологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences, (Medicine), Head of the Research Establishment, Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yasen_9@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-4751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цибизова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsibizova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат фармацевтических наук, доцент кафедры фармакогнозии, фармацевтической технологии и биотехнологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Pharmacy), Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sasha3633@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3927-8590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>L. A/</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель сектора</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sector Leader</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">landr@img.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1294-102X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мясоедов</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myasoedov</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор химических наук, профессор, академик РАН, руководитель отдела</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Chemistry), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nfm@img.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-4851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башкина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской педиатрии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics Faculty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bashkina1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5336-4455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самотруева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samotrueva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой фармакогнозии, фармацевтической технологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ms1506@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования&#13;
«Астраханский государственный медицинский университет» &#13;
Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации &#13;
414000, Россия, г. Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, 121</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Аstrakhan State Medical University &#13;
121, Bakinskaya Str., Astrakhan, Russia, 414000</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение Институт молекулярной генетики &#13;
Национального исследовательского центра «Курчатовский институт» &#13;
123182, Россия, г. Москва, пл. академика Курчатова, д. 2</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"&#13;
2, Academician Kurchatov Square, Moscow, Russia, 123182</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>485</fpage><lpage>494</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ясенявская А.Л., Цибизова А.А., Андреева Л.А., Мясоедов Н.Ф., Башкина О.А., Самотруева М.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ясенявская А.Л., Цибизова А.А., Андреева Л.А., Мясоедов Н.Ф., Башкина О.А., Самотруева М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yasenyavskaya A.L., Tsibizova A.A., Andreeva L.A., Myasoedov N.F., Bashkina O.A., Samotrueva M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/976">https://www.pharmpharm.ru/jour/article/view/976</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить влияние глипролиновых нейропептидных соединений Thr–Lys–Pro–Arg–Pro–Gly–Pro (Селанк), Pro–Gly–Pro и Pro–Gly–Pro–Leu на уровень апоптотических (каспаза-3, каспаза-8, фактор некроза опухоли) и нейротрофических (фактор роста нервов и нейротрофический фактор головного мозга) факторов в сыворотке крови белых крыс в условиях экспериментального моделирования «социального» стресса.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Экспериментальные исследования проводили на 90 нелинейных белых крысах-самцах 6-месячного возраста. В процессе моделирования «социального» стресса все крысы были разделены по типу поведения на «агрессоров» и «жертв». В исследовании формировались экспериментальные группы (n=10): контрольные особи; группы крыс, в течение 20 дней подвергавшиеся воздействию стресса; группы животных, получавших внутрибрюшинно в дозе 100 мкг/кг/сут, начиная с 1-го дня воздействия стресс-фактора, курсом 20 дней глипролиновые соединения Thr–Lys–Pro–Arg–Pro–Gly–Pro (Селанк), Pro–Gly–Pro и Pro–Gly–Pro–Leu. Влияние соединений на уровень апоптотических и нейротрофических факторов оценивали путем определения уровня каспазы-3, каспазы-8, фактора некроза опухоли, фактора роста нервов и нейротрофического фактора головного мозга сыворотки крови белых крыс методом иммуноферментного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам проведенного исследования было установлено, что в условиях «социального» стресса наблюдалось усиление апоптотических процессов, сопровождающихся увеличением уровня каспазы-3, каспазы-8, TNF-α в сыворотке крови белых крыс, а также снижение концентрации нейротрофических факторов: BDNF и NGF. Введение глипролиновых соединений на фоне стресса способствовало восстановлению уровня исследуемых показателей, что, вероятнее всего, связано с наличием у глипролинов антиапоптотического и нейропротекторного действия за счет ингибирования каспаза-зависимого каскада реакций апоптоза, а также индукции синтеза нейротрофических факторов, обладающих антиапоптотической активностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, введение глипролиновых нейропептидных соединений Thr–Lys–Pro–Arg–Pro–Gly–Pro (Селанк), Pro–Gly–Pro и Pro–Gly–Pro–Leu в условиях стрессогенного воздействия способствует восстановлению уровня инициирующей и эффекторной каспаз, а также нейротрофических факторов. По итогу проведенного эксперимента наблюдается антиапоптотический эффект за счет ингибирования каспаза-зависимого каскада реакций, а также стресс-протекторный за счет восстановления уровня нейротрофических факторов мозга.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the article was to study the effect of glyproline neuropeptide compounds Thr–Lys–Pro–Arg–Pro–Gly–Pro (Selank), Pro–Gly–Pro and Pro–Gly–Pro–Leu, on the level of apoptotic factors (caspase-3, caspase-8, the tumor necrosis factor) and neurotrophic factors (the nerve growth factor and the brain neurotrophic factor) in the blood serum of white rats under the experimental modeling of “social” stress.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The experimental studies were carried out on 90 nonlinear white male rats aged 6 months. By the type of behavior, in the process of “social” stress modeling, all the rats were divided into “aggressors” and “victims”. In the study, the following experimental groups (n=10) were formed: control individuals; groups of the rats exposed to stress for 20 days; groups of the animals treated intraperitoneally at the dose of 100 μg/kg/day, starting from the 1st day of the stress factor exposure, with a course of 20 days of glyproline compounds Thr–Lys–Pro–Arg–Pro–Gly–Pro (Selank), Pro–Gly–Pro and Pro–Gly–Pro–Leu. The effect of the compounds on the level of apoptotic and neurotrophic factors was assessed by determining the level of caspase-3, caspase-8, the tumor necrosis factor, the nerve growth factor and the brain neurotrophic factor of white rat blood serum by enzyme immunoassay.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to the results of the study, it was found out that under the conditions of “social” stress, there was an increase in the apoptotic processes accompanied by an increase in the level of caspase-3, caspase-8, TNF-α in the blood serum of white rats, as well as a decrease in the concentration of neurotrophic factors – BDNF and NGF. The administration of giproline compounds against the background of stress, contributed to the restoration of the studied indicators level, which is most likely due to the presence of antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects in giprolines due to the inhibition of the caspase-dependent cascade of apoptosis reactions, as well as the induction of the synthesis of neurotrophic factors with the antiapoptotic activity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, the administration of glyproline neuropeptide compounds Thr–Lys–Pro–Arg–Pro–Gly–Pro (Selank), Pro–Gly–Pro and Pro–Gly–Pro–Leu under stress conditions, contributes to the restoration of the initiating and effector caspases level, as well as of neurotrophic factors. As a result of the experiment, an anti-apoptotic effect is observed due to the inhibition of the caspase-dependent cascade of reactions, as well as a stress-protective effect is observed due to the restoration of the brain neurotrophic factors level.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глипролины</kwd><kwd>нейропептиды</kwd><kwd>«социальный» стресс</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>каспазы</kwd><kwd>фактор некроза опухоли</kwd><kwd>нейротрофический фактор мозга</kwd><kwd>фактор роста нервов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glyprolins</kwd><kwd>neuropeptides</kwd><kwd>“social” stress</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>caspases</kwd><kwd>tumor necrosis factor</kwd><kwd>brain neurotrophic factor</kwd><kwd>nerve growth factor</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований,  грант РФФИ № 19-04-00461.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant RFBR No. 19-04-00461.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benham G., Charak R. 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