Мозговой нейротрофический фактор как мишень для поиска препаратов, проявляющих антиаддиктивные эффекты

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы влияния мозгового нейротрофического фактора (BDNF) на развитие алкоголизма. Рассматриваются возможные пути использования этой молекулы или родственных с ней соединений (миметиков) в качестве мишеней для антиаддиктивного действия.

Цель. Провести анализ литературных источников с целью выявления потенциальных возможностей применения сигнальных путей BDNF в сфере разработки новых лекарственных препаратов.

Материалы и методы. Для поиска информационных материалов использовали реферативные базы данных: PubMed, EMBASE, ResearchGate, elibrary.ru. Ключевые запросы для поиска включали в себя следующие слова и словосочетания: «BDNF», «BDNF TrkB», «BDNF LNGFR», «терапия алкоголизма», «антиаддиктивные препараты», «сигнальные пути», «алкоголизм», «этанол», «отравление». Глубина поиска — 40 лет (1985–2025 гг.). Общее число источников, которые вошли в обзор — 116.

Результаты. В данном исследовании проведён анализ молекулярных механизмов действия BDNF, включая его биосинтез, структурные формы (BDNF и про-BDNF), а также функции и особенности рецепторов TrkB и LNGFR. Эти рецепторы играют ключевую роль в регуляции нейрональной пластичности, выживаемости нейронов и апоптотических процессов. Выполненный обзор научной литературы позволил установить, что по состоянию на 2025 год идентифицировано не менее 9 химических соединений с потенциальной антиаддиктивной активностью, которые воздействуют на рецепторы и сигнальные каскады, связанные с BDNF. На основании полученных данных сформулирована гипотеза о перспективах использования BDNF и его сигнальных путей в качестве потенциальных мишеней для разработки новых фармакологических агентов, направленных на лечение алкогольной зависимости. Установленные факты могут существенно расширить терапевтические возможности в борьбе с алкоголизмом и ассоциированными нейротоксическими состояниями.

Заключение. Было проанализировано и выявлено, что на 2025 год существует не менее 9 веществ с потенциальной антиаддиктивной активностью, связанной с миметическим действием на рецепторы и сигнальные пути молекулы BDNF.

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