Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a target for the search of anti-addiction drugs

The relationship between the influence of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the development of alcoholism and possible ways of using this molecule or related compounds (mimetics) as targets of anti-addictive action are discusses in the article.

The aim of the work was to carry out a literature review to identify potential applications of the BDNF signaling pathways to assess the feasibility of developing new drugs.

Materials and Methods. The following abstract databases were used to search for the information materials: PubMed, EMBASE, ResearchGate, elibrary.ru. The key queries for the search included the following ones: ‘BDNF’, “BDNF TrkB”, “BDNF LNGFR”, “alcoholism therapy”, “anti-addiction drugs”, “signaling pathways”, “alcoholism”, “ethanol”, “poisoning”. The depth of the search was 40 years (1985–2025). The total number of the sources included in the review is 116.

Results. This study analyzed the molecular mechanisms of the action of BDNF, including its biosynthesis, structural forms (BDNF and pro-BDNF), and functions and features of TrkB and LNGFR receptors. These receptors play a key role in the regulation of the neuronal plasticity, a neuronal survival and apoptotic processes. The performed review of the scientific literature made it possible to establish that at least 9 chemical compounds with a potential anti-addictive activity that affect the receptors and signaling cascades associated with BDNF, have been identified as of 2025. Based on the data obtained, a hypothesis about the prospective use of BDNF and its signaling pathways as potential targets for developing new pharmacological agents aimed at the treatment of alcohol dependence, have been formulated. The established facts can significantly expand the therapeutic opportunities in the fight against the alcoholic dependence and associated neurotoxic conditions.

Conclusion. At least 9 compounds with a potential anti-addictive activity associated with a mimetic effect on the receptors and signaling pathways of the BDNF molecule have been analyzed and found to exist as of 2025.

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