A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacological, Therapeutic, and Toxicological Properties of Boric Acid and Other Boron-Containing Compounds: Current Landscape and Future Perspectives

The aim. In this review, information obtained through a comprehensive scan of scientific resources on recent developments in the field of health regarding boric acids and BCCs is brought together, and current and future perspectives are presented.

Matherial and methods. The literature studies on boron were collected using multiple databases (WOS, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, SciVerse, SciELO, Cochrane Library, Embase and Google Scholar). The health effects of boric acids and BCCs used in preclinical and clinical studies were systematically compiled.

Results and conclusion. Different natural and synthetic boron-containing compounds (BCCs) are increasingly used in the healthcare sector. To date, five BCCs drugs (bortezomib, crisaborole, ixazomib, tavaborole and vaborbactam) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, for diverse clinical applications. It is also understood that more than ten boron-based compounds (alabostat, sodium borocaptate, voromycin, TOL-463 and others) are being investigated in different clinical trial phases. In addition, it is seen that clinical studies are continuing for combinations of various drugs with BCCs for use in new indications. In addition, it is observed that boron and boron-containing compounds are widely used as supplements. This review also provides an overview of recent advances in the pharmacological activities of boric acids and BCCs, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiviral, antiprotozoal, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, osteoprotective, antidiabetic, anti-apoptotic, anti-obesity, ferroptosis properties, effects on immune system, antiepileptic, anti-Parkinson, and anti-Alzheimer’s activities and the mechanisms of action involved, obtained from both in vitro and in vivo studies.

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